Nokea
The nurse is conducting a teaching session for parents on nutrition. Which characteristics of families should the nurse consider that can cause families to struggle in providing adequate nutrition? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Homelessness
- B. Lower income
- C. Migrant status
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Factors like homelessness, lower income, and migrant status can create barriers to providing adequate nutrition for children.
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The nurse is talking to a group of parents of school-age children at an after-school program about childhood health problems. Which statement should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem among children
- B. Immunization rates are the same among children of different races and ethnicity
- C. Dental caries is not a problem commonly seen in children since the introduction of fluoridated water
- D. Mental health problems are typically not seen in school-age children but may be diagnosed in adolescents
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Childhood obesity is the most common nutritional problem in children, with significant implications for long-term health, including the risk of developing chronic diseases.
At what age is the first dose of the hepatitis A vaccine recommended to be started?
- A. 1 year
- B. 1 month
- C. 12 years
- D. It is not recommended at any age
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 1 year. The hepatitis A vaccine is now recommended for all children starting at age 1 year (i.e., 12 to 23 months). This is due to the recognition of hepatitis A as a significant child health problem, especially in areas with high infection rates. The virus is primarily spread through fecal-oral transmission, person-to-person contact, ingestion of contaminated food or water, and rarely through blood transfusion. Administering the first dose at 1 year helps protect children from this infection. Choices B and C are incorrect as the vaccine is not recommended at 1 month or 12 years. Choice D is also incorrect as the hepatitis A vaccine is recommended at a specific age to prevent the infection.
After the family, which has the greatest influence on providing continuity between generations?
- A. Race
- B. School
- C. Social Class
- D. Government
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Schools play a significant role in providing continuity between generations by imparting cultural values, social norms, and knowledge to children.
The charge nurse in the pediatric unit is teaching nursing students about pyloric stenosis. A student asks what causes pyloric stenosis. How should the nurse respond?
- A. One portion of the intestines invaginates or telescopes into another
- B. Hypertrophy of the circular pylorus muscle
- C. Relaxed cardiac sphincter
- D. Absent ganglion cells in the colon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis is caused by the hypertrophy (thickening) of the circular muscle of the pylorus, leading to obstruction. Choice A is incorrect as it describes intussusception, not pyloric stenosis. Choice C is incorrect as a relaxed cardiac sphincter is related to gastroesophageal reflux. Choice D is incorrect as it describes Hirschsprung's disease, not pyloric stenosis.
Which distraction technique should be used for an adolescent child during a painful procedure?
- A. Blowing bubbles
- B. Guided imagery
- C. EMLA cream
- D. Sucrose solution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Guided imagery. Guided imagery is an effective distraction technique for adolescents as it helps them focus on positive mental images instead of the pain. This technique can be a powerful tool in managing pain and anxiety during procedures. Blowing bubbles (choice A) may be more suitable for younger children as it can engage them visually and help distract them. EMLA cream (choice C) is a topical anesthetic and not a distraction technique. Sucrose solution (choice D) is used for pain relief in infants, not typically for adolescents undergoing painful procedures.