Nokea
An adult male client is admitted for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) secondary to AIDS. While hospitalized, he receives IV pentamidine isethionate therapy. In preparing this client for discharge, what important aspect regarding his medication therapy should the nurse explain?
- A. IV pentamidine may offer protection to other AIDS-related conditions, such as Kaposi's sarcoma
- B. It will be necessary to continue prophylactic doses of IV or aerosol pentamidine every month
- C. IV pentamidine will be given until oral pentamidine can be tolerated
- D. AZT (Azidothymidine) therapy must be stopped when IV or aerosol pentamidine is being used.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prophylactic doses of pentamidine are necessary to prevent PCP recurrence and other AIDS-related infections.
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A fair-skinned female client who is an avid runner is diagnosed with malignant melanoma, located on the lateral surface of the lower leg. After wide margin resection, the nurse provides discharge teaching. It is most important for the nurse to emphasize the need to observe for changes in which characteristic?
- A. Elasticity of the skin
- B. Appearance of any moles
- C. Muscle aches and pains
- D. Pigmentation of the skin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring for changes in moles is critical for early detection of new or recurrent melanoma, which is essential for timely intervention.
All of the following are true regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), except
- A. Dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) and dopamine 4 receptor gene (DRD4) are implicated in the diagnosis
- B. Impaired fine motor movement and poor coordination are 'soft' but specific signs of ADHD
- C. Developmentally inappropriate behavior must commence before 7 years of age and present for at least 6 months
- D. Maternal lead exposure is associated with ADHD
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Impaired fine motor movement and poor coordination are not specific signs of ADHD; they are nonspecific and can occur in other conditions.
Regarding cranial nerves:
- A. Meningioma of the olfactory groove may cause unilateral anosmia
- B. Lesion in the geniculate ganglion produces hyperacusis
- C. Frontalis muscle is spared in lower motor neuron facial palsy
- D. In oculomotor palsy, pupillary sparing occurs in early stages of external compression of the nerve by a tumour
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meningioma affecting the olfactory groove can compress the olfactory nerve, leading to unilateral anosmia.
In ventricular arrythmia:
- A. PR interval is prolonged
- B. Common in thyrotoxicosis
- C. Synchronised DC shock is the treatment of choice
- D. IV adenosine treatment is effective
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Synchronised DC shock is the treatment of choice: In cases of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, synchronized direct current shock (DC shock) is the recommended treatment.
Type I renal tubular acidosis:
- A. Only occurs in children
- B. Is caused by a failure of ammonium ion secretion
- C. Is associated with renal calcification
- D. Typically leads to hypovolaemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type I renal tubular acidosis is characterized by a failure in ammonium ion secretion, leading to a failure to acidify urine, which can result in metabolic acidosis.