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An alcohol-dependent patient was hospitalized at 0200 today. When would the nurse expect withdrawal symptoms to peak?
- A. Between 0800 and 1000 today (6 to 8 hours after drinking stopped)
- B. Between 0200 tomorrow and hospital day 2 (24 to 48 hours after drinking stopped)
- C. About 0200 on hospital day 3 (72 hours after drinking stopped)
- D. About 0200 on hospital day 4 (96 hours after drinking stopped)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because alcohol withdrawal symptoms typically peak between 24 to 48 hours after the patient stops drinking. This timeframe aligns with the onset of symptoms such as tremors, anxiety, and hallucinations. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because withdrawal symptoms do not peak within 6 to 8, 72, or 96 hours after drinking cessation. It is crucial for the nurse to monitor the patient closely during this critical period to manage and prevent potential withdrawal complications.
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Which statement made by a client who has been the victim of physical abuse by her partner supports the nurse's belief that the client has developed competence?
- A. Women in my family seem to be destined to be victims.'
- B. I have the strength to leave if I ever begin to feel threatened.'
- C. My partner loves me but he has an anger management issue.'
- D. He cares about me and has promised never to hurt me again.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it demonstrates the client's understanding of her own agency and ability to take control of her situation. By acknowledging her strength to leave if she feels threatened, the client shows an awareness of her own capabilities and empowerment. This statement indicates that the client is moving towards autonomy and taking steps to ensure her safety.
Choice A reflects a sense of fatalism and resignation, which does not demonstrate competence. Choice C minimizes the abuse by attributing it to an external factor (anger management issue) rather than recognizing it as a pattern of behavior. Choice D relies on the abuser's promises rather than the client's own actions and decision-making, which does not indicate competence.
he psychoanalytical perspective was profounded by
- A. Erik Erikson
- B. Sigmund Freud
- C. Jean Piaget
- D. Lev Vygotsky
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sigmund Freud founded psychoanalysis, focusing on unconscious drives and early experiences.
The theorist associated with scaffolding is
- A. Jean Piaget
- B. Erik Erikson
- C. Lev Vygotsky
- D. John Dewey
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vygotsky's scaffolding provides temporary support for learning.
With growing age motivation reduces naturally.
- A. Extrinsic
- B. Frequent
- C. Intrinsic
- D. Concentrated
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intrinsic motivation, driven by internal rewards, tends to decline with age due to shifts in priorities.
Professional codes of ethics tend to be constructed on which type of ethical theory?
- A. Utilitarianism: seeking outcomes maximizing positive & minimizing negative change
- B. Virtue theory: considers the motives and intentions of the actor
- C. Ethical decision making model: steps to make an ethical decision
- D. Duty theory: concerned with truth, fairness and keeping promises, vs. consequences
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Duty theory underpins many codes, emphasizing obligations like confidentiality and fairness.