Nokea
An asymptomatic 45-year old male with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation and normal echo, refused cardioversion while suggested. The next optimal management strategy for him is
- A. Sedate and cardiovert against patient wishes
- B. Aspirin
- C. Anticoagulation
- D. Rate control
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rate control is the optimal management strategy for asymptomatic atrial fibrillation when cardioversion is refused.
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A 2-month-old male presents with tachycardia, dyspnea, tachypnea, and a gallop rhythm with no heart murmur. He was perfectly well until 1 day prior to the episode. The physical examination reveals a heart rate of 235, a temperature of 37.8°C, and a normal blood pressure with warm, well-perfused extremities. The most likely diagnosis is
- A. sepsis
- B. supraventricular tachycardia
- C. ingestion
- D. ventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Supraventricular tachycardia can cause rapid heart rates and heart failure in infants.
Management of a patient with an INR of 8.7 from warfarin overdose includes:
- A. Vitamin K
- B. Cryoprecipitate
- C. Fresh frozen plasma
- D. Desmopressin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because vitamin K is the primary treatment for reversing warfarin overdose. The other options (b-e) are less commonly used or not indicated for this situation.
Rare causes of bloody diarrhoea include:
- A. Campylobacter infection
- B. Peutz-Jegher's syndrome
- C. Enterotoxigenic E. coli
- D. Crohn's disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rare causes of bloody diarrhoea include conditions like Peutz-Jegher's syndrome which is a genetic disorder causing polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Campylobacter Shigella and Enterotoxigenic E. coli are common causes of infectious diarrhoea while Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition.
A client with multiple sclerosis has urinary retention related to sensorimotor deficits. Which action should the nurse include in the client's plan of care?
- A. Teach the client techniques for performing intermittent catheterization
- B. Increase the client's fluid intake to promote frequent urination.
- C. Suggest the use of incontinence pads for comfort
- D. Administer anticholinergic medications to enhance bladder function.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intermittent catheterization helps manage urinary retention and prevents complications like urinary tract infections.
The following conditions can present in a newborn infant as a bullous eruption:
- A. Syphilis
- B. Mast cell disease
- C. Epidermolysis bullosa
- D. Phenylketonuria
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epidermolysis bullosa is a genetic condition causing blistering of the skin. Syphilis and mast cell disease can also cause bullous eruptions, but phenylketonuria does not.