Nokea
An 'average' menstrual cycle lasts around how many days?
- A. 36
- B. 28
- C. 42
- D. 7
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The average menstrual cycle typically lasts about 28 days, though variations are common.
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To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in the cervix, vagina, and position of the fetus, nurses should be aware that:
- A. because of a number of changes in the cervix, abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) tests
are much easier to evaluate. - B. Quickening is a technique of palpating the fetus to engage it in passive movement.
- C. the deepening color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix (Chadwick's sign) usually appears in the second trimester or later as the vagina prepares to stretch during labor.
- D. increased vascularity of the vagina increases sensitivity and may lead to a high degree of arousal, especially in the second trimester.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because increased vascularity of the vagina during pregnancy leads to heightened sensitivity and can result in increased arousal, especially in the second trimester. This is due to increased blood flow and hormonal changes affecting the vaginal tissues. This physiological response is a normal part of pregnancy and can enhance sexual experiences for some women.
A is incorrect because changes in the cervix do not impact the evaluation of abnormal Pap tests. B is incorrect as quickening refers to the first perception of fetal movements by the pregnant woman, not palpating the fetus. C is incorrect as Chadwick's sign, the deepening color of the vaginal mucosa and cervix, typically appears in the first trimester, not the second trimester.
A woman is in her seventh month of pregnancy. She has been reporting nasal congestion and occasional epistaxis. The nurse suspects that:
- A. this is a normal respiratory change in pregnancy caused by elevated levels of estrogen.
- B. this is an abnormal cardiovascular change, and the nosebleeds are an ominous sign.
- C. the woman is a victim of domestic violence and is being hit in the face by her partner.
- D. the woman has been using cocaine intranasally.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A: Correct. Nasal congestion and epistaxis are common in pregnancy due to increased estrogen causing mucosal swelling and vasodilation.
B: Incorrect. Nosebleeds are not typically indicative of cardiovascular issues in pregnancy.
C: Incorrect. There is no evidence to suggest domestic violence based on the symptoms provided.
D: Incorrect. Cocaine use would have more severe implications beyond just nasal congestion and epistaxis in pregnancy.
is a treatment used to relieve symptoms of the menopause:
- A. Dialysis
- B. Chemotherapy
- C. Laser therapy
- D. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alleviates menopausal symptoms by replenishing declining hormone levels.
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in the uterus, nurses should be aware that:
- A. lightening occurs near the end of the second trimester as the uterus rises into a different position
- B. the woman's increased urinary frequency in the first trimester is the result of exaggerated uterine anteflexion caused by softening
- C. Braxton Hicks contractions become more painful in the third trimester, particularly if the woman tries to exercise
- D. the uterine souffle is the movement of the fetus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Softening of the lower uterine segment (Hegar's sign) causes increased urinary frequency in the first trimester. Lightening occurs late in pregnancy, Braxton Hicks contractions are not typically painful, and the uterine souffle refers to blood flow sounds.
A client at 20 weeks gestation has just been examined during a prenatal visit. Which assessment should the nurse recognize as an abnormal finding and the need for further testing?
- A. Fundal height of 26 cm
- B. Pulse rate 15 bpm higher than her prepregnancy pulse
- C. Blood pressure of 128/68
- D. Deep tendon reflexes +2
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. At 20 weeks gestation, the fundal height should correspond closely to the number of weeks pregnant (around 20 cm). A fundal height of 26 cm indicates potential fetal growth abnormalities or incorrect dating. Further testing, such as an ultrasound, is needed to assess fetal growth and well-being.
Choice B (Pulse rate 15 bpm higher) is not typically concerning during pregnancy as pulse rate can increase due to physiological changes. Choice C (Blood pressure of 128/68) falls within the normal range for pregnancy. Choice D (Deep tendon reflexes +2) is a normal finding and not an indication for further testing.