Nokea
The breast includes:
- A. The nipple
- B. The ovaries
- C. The testes
- D. The scrotum
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nipple is a key anatomical feature of the breast, involved in lactation and feeding.
You may also like to solve these questions
During pregnancy, oxygen and nutrients diffuse across the from the mother to the foetus:
- A. Placenta
- B. Kidneys
- C. Lungs
- D. Cervix
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The placenta facilitates the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the mother and fetus.
Some pregnant patients may complain of changes in their voice and impaired hearing. The nurse can tell these patients that these are common reactions to:
- A. a decreased estrogen level
- B. displacement of the diaphragm, resulting in thoracic breathing
- C. congestion and swelling, which occur because the upper respiratory tract has become more vascular
- D. increased blood volume
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Increased estrogen levels cause vascular congestion and swelling in the upper respiratory tract, affecting voice and hearing.
A patient in her first trimester complains of nausea and vomiting. She asks, "Why does this happen?” The nurse's best response is:
- A. "It is due to an increase in gastric motility.”
- B. "It may be due to changes in hormones.”
- C. "It is related to an increase in glucose levels.”
- D. "It is caused by a decrease in gastric secretions.”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "It may be due to changes in hormones." During the first trimester of pregnancy, hormonal changes, particularly an increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen levels, can trigger nausea and vomiting, commonly known as morning sickness. These hormonal fluctuations can affect the gastrointestinal system, leading to symptoms of nausea and vomiting. The other choices are incorrect because: A) an increase in gastric motility typically occurs in later stages of pregnancy, not the first trimester; C) an increase in glucose levels is not directly linked to nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy; D) a decrease in gastric secretions is unlikely to be the primary cause of nausea and vomiting in the first trimester.
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in their breasts, nurses should be aware that:
- A. the visibility of blood vessels that form an intertwining blue network indicates full function of Montgomery's tubercles and possibly infection of the tubercles.
- B. the mammary glands do not develop until 2 weeks before labor.
- C. lactation is inhibited until the estrogen level declines after birth.
- D. colostrum is the yellowish oily substance used to lubricate the nipples for breastfeeding.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer A:
1. Montgomery's tubercles are sebaceous glands on the areola.
2. Blood vessels becoming visible indicates increased blood supply due to hormonal changes during pregnancy.
3. The intertwining blue network reflects full function of Montgomery's tubercles.
4. Infection may cause inflammation and increased visibility of blood vessels.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B: Incorrect, mammary glands develop during puberty, not right before labor.
C: Incorrect, lactation is primarily influenced by prolactin, not estrogen.
D: Incorrect, colostrum is a thick, yellowish fluid containing antibodies, not an oily substance for lubrication.
Numerous changes in the integumentary system occur during pregnancy. Which change persists after birth?
- A. Epulis
- B. Chloasma
- C. Telangiectasia
- D. Striae gravidarum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Striae gravidarum, or stretch marks, persist after pregnancy, although they may fade over time. Other changes like epulis and chloasma typically resolve postpartum.