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An elderly patient with dementia paces the hallway and often engages in wandering. The nurse documents that the patient is exhibiting which type of behavior that is characteristic of dementia?
- A. Passive behavior
- B. Functionally impaired behavior
- C. Involuntary psychomotor behavior
- D. Nonaggressive psychomotor behavior
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Nonaggressive psychomotor behavior. In dementia, wandering and pacing are common behaviors due to cognitive impairment. Nonaggressive behavior refers to actions that do not involve harm or aggression towards others. The patient's behavior is voluntary and purposeless, indicating psychomotor involvement. Choices A, B, and C do not accurately describe the behavior exhibited by the patient with dementia. Passive behavior implies lack of engagement, functionally impaired behavior suggests difficulty performing activities of daily living, and involuntary psychomotor behavior implies actions beyond the patient's control, which are not the case in this scenario.
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In addition to antidepressants, which of the following is usual treatment for postpartum depression?
- A. Antipsychotics
- B. Psychotherapy
- C. Hormone replacement
- D. Temporary removal of the baby from the home
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Psychotherapy (B) along with antidepressants are the major treatments for postpartum depression. Patients usually are not psychotic (A), hormone replacement (C) is not indicated, and mother and baby should be kept together with support (D).
A nurse is caring for a patient with bulimia nervosa who has not eaten for 24 hours. The nurse should first:
- A. Encourage the patient to eat a full meal immediately.
- B. Assess the patient's vital signs and hydration status.
- C. Provide the patient with a menu to select food for the next meal.
- D. Contact the physician for a medication prescription.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because assessing vital signs and hydration status is crucial in identifying potential complications from prolonged fasting in a patient with bulimia nervosa. This step helps determine the patient's immediate needs for intervention and guides further care planning. Encouraging the patient to eat a full meal immediately (Choice A) may lead to refeeding syndrome due to electrolyte imbalances. Providing a menu for the next meal (Choice C) is not the priority when the patient has not eaten for 24 hours. Contacting the physician for a medication prescription (Choice D) is not necessary at this point without first assessing the patient's current physical status.
A patient in the long-term phase of the rape-trauma syndrome had intrusive thoughts of the attack and developed fears of being alone. Which finding best demonstrates the patient has improved? The patient!
- A. Uses increased activity to reduce fear.
- B. Plans coping strategies for fearful situations.
- C. Temporarily withdraws from social situations.
- D. Expresses willingness to engage in sexual activity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because planning coping strategies for fearful situations indicates the patient is actively working on managing their fears and trauma, showing progress and improvement. Choice A is incorrect as increased activity may be a maladaptive coping mechanism. Choice C suggests social withdrawal, which is a sign of regression. Choice D may indicate premature attempts to engage in sexual activity without addressing the underlying trauma. Overall, choice B demonstrates proactive steps towards healing and recovery.
A student transfers from a hometown college to a university 200 miles away after breaking up with her boyfriend of 2 years. She was slow to make friends at the university. The history shows a close relationship with her mother and sister. She began eating large quantities when she felt sad, and then she induced vomiting. When the student's schoolwork declined, she sought help. During the initial interview, what priority issue should the nurse address?
- A. Losses.
- B. Sleep patterns.
- C. School activities.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Losses. The priority issue the nurse should address is the student's losses, such as the breakup with her boyfriend and the difficulty in making friends at the new university. This is important because these losses may be contributing to her emotional distress and maladaptive coping mechanisms like binge-eating and induced vomiting. The nurse needs to explore these losses to understand the root cause of the student's behavior and provide appropriate support.
Choice B: Sleep patterns, and Choice C: School activities are not the priority issues in this scenario. While sleep patterns and school activities are important aspects of the student's life, the primary concern here is addressing the emotional impact of the losses she has experienced.
Choice D: None of the above is incorrect because losses are indeed the priority issue that needs to be addressed in this situation. Ignoring the emotional impact of the student's losses could hinder the effectiveness of any interventions or support provided.
How the child's development is influenced by the school and the teacher?
- A. mental
- B. social
- C. emotional
- D. all of these
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Schools and teachers shape children holistically. Mental development occurs through intellectual stimulation (A), social development via peer interactions (B), and emotional development through resilience and self-awareness (C). 'All of these' (D) reflects their comprehensive influence.