Nokea
An evaluation of Mrs. M.'s response to anticoagulant therapy for her arterial occlusion should include
- A. increased claudication
- B. decreased blood pressure
- C. compliance to skin care
- D. improvement of symptoms
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Improvement in symptoms is a key indicator of effective anticoagulant therapy.
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When administering furosemide (Lasix) to a client, which lab value is most important to monitor?
- A. Potassium
- B. Sodium
- C. Calcium
- D. Chloride
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Potassium. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss through increased urine output. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent hypokalemia, which can lead to serious cardiac arrhythmias. Sodium (B) and chloride (D) levels can also be affected by furosemide but are not as critical as potassium. Calcium (C) monitoring is not typically required when administering furosemide. By closely monitoring potassium levels, healthcare providers can prevent potential complications and ensure the safe administration of furosemide.
What procedure is used to remove fluid from the pleural space to help a patient breathe more easily?
- A. Thoracentesis
- B. Bronchoscopy
- C. Echocardiogram
- D. CT scan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thoracentesis. This procedure involves inserting a needle or catheter into the pleural space to drain excess fluid, relieving pressure and allowing the patient to breathe more easily. Bronchoscopy (B) is used to visualize the airways, not remove fluid. Echocardiogram (C) is an ultrasound of the heart, not used for pleural fluid drainage. CT scan (D) is an imaging test, not a procedure for fluid removal. Thoracentesis is the appropriate choice for this scenario.
What test uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the heart, allowing doctors to assess its structure and function?
- A. Echocardiogram
- B. MRI
- C. CT scan
- D. X-ray
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Echocardiogram. An echocardiogram uses high-frequency sound waves to create detailed images of the heart's structure and function in real-time. It is a non-invasive and safe diagnostic tool commonly used to assess heart health. MRI (B) uses magnetic fields and radio waves, CT scan (C) uses X-rays, and X-ray (D) uses electromagnetic radiation, but they do not provide the same level of detail and real-time assessment of the heart as an echocardiogram does.
What is the procedure to remove a sample of tissue from the lung for examination under a microscope?
- A. Lung biopsy
- B. Bronchoscopy
- C. Thoracentesis
- D. Lobectomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lung biopsy. This procedure involves removing a sample of tissue from the lung for examination under a microscope. It is typically performed using a needle or during a surgical procedure. Bronchoscopy (B) involves examining the airways with a camera and is not used for tissue sampling. Thoracentesis (C) is the removal of fluid from the pleural space, not tissue from the lung. Lobectomy (D) is the surgical removal of a lobe of the lung, not specifically for obtaining a tissue sample.
Which type of heart valve disease occurs when the mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to flow backward into the left atrium?
- A. Mitral regurgitation
- B. Aortic stenosis
- C. Tricuspid regurgitation
- D. Pulmonary hypertension
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mitral regurgitation. When the mitral valve does not close properly, it causes blood to flow backward into the left atrium during the heart's contraction phase. This condition is known as mitral regurgitation. Aortic stenosis (B) is narrowing of the aortic valve, not related to the mitral valve. Tricuspid regurgitation (C) involves the tricuspid valve, not the mitral valve. Pulmonary hypertension (D) is high blood pressure in the lungs, not directly related to a malfunctioning mitral valve.