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Conception and Fetal Development NCLEX Questions
An expectant father asks the nurse, “Which part of the mature sperm contains the male chromosome?” What is the correct response by the nurse?
- A. X-bearing sperm
- B. The tail of the sperm
- C. The head of the sperm
- D. The middle portion of the sperm
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response is C: The head of the sperm. The head of the sperm contains the genetic material, including the male chromosome (Y chromosome). This is where the genetic information determining the sex of the offspring is located. The tail of the sperm is responsible for movement, not genetic material. X-bearing sperm would contain the female chromosome, not the male chromosome. The middle portion of the sperm does not specifically contain the genetic material related to determining the sex of the offspring.
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A nurse is conducting prenatal education classes for a group of expectant parents. Which information should the nurse include in her discussion of the purpose of amniotic fluid? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Cushions the fetus
- B. Protects the skin of the fetus
- C. Provides nourishment for the fetus
- D. Allows for buoyancy for fetal movement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cushions the fetus. Amniotic fluid acts as a cushion that protects the fetus from physical trauma and provides a stable environment for fetal growth. It helps prevent compression injuries and maintains a constant temperature. The other choices are incorrect because: B) Protects the skin of the fetus: While amniotic fluid does provide some protection, its main purpose is cushioning. C) Provides nourishment for the fetus: The placenta is responsible for providing nourishment to the fetus, not amniotic fluid. D) Allows for buoyancy for fetal movement: While amniotic fluid does allow for buoyancy, its primary function is to cushion the fetus.
What routine lab tests should a pregnant person have in the first trimester? Select all that apply.
- A. complete blood count (CBC)
- B. blood type and Rh factor
- C. urinalysis
- D. thyroid function tests
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: thyroid function tests. During pregnancy, thyroid function is crucial for the health of the mother and baby. Thyroid disorders can lead to complications. Testing thyroid function in the first trimester helps detect any abnormalities early.
A, B, and C are commonly performed tests in pregnancy, but they are not specific to the first trimester. A CBC helps assess overall health, blood type and Rh factor are important for identifying potential blood type incompatibilities, and urinalysis can indicate urinary tract infections or other issues. However, these tests are not unique to the first trimester and are typically done throughout pregnancy.
An expectant mother, diagnosed with oligohydramnios, asks the nurse what this condition means for the baby. Which statement should the nurse provide for the patient?
- A. Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development.
- B. Oligohydramnios means that the fetus is excreting excessive urine
- C. Oligohydramnios could mean that the fetus has a gastrointestinal blockage
- D. Oligohydramnios is associated with fetal central nervous system abnormalities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development. Oligohydramnios refers to a condition where there is a decreased amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. This can result in compression of the fetus leading to poor lung development. Reduced amniotic fluid levels can also increase the risk of umbilical cord compression and fetal growth restriction. Option B is incorrect as oligohydramnios actually indicates a decreased production of amniotic fluid, not excessive urine excretion by the fetus. Option C is incorrect as oligohydramnios is not directly related to gastrointestinal blockage in the fetus. Option D is incorrect as oligohydramnios is primarily associated with fetal lung and renal abnormalities, not central nervous system abnormalities.
A woman who is assessing fetal movements each day should notify her health care provider if:
- A. More than six movements are felt during a 30- to 60-minute period.
- B. Fetal movements are fewer than the minimum set by the provider.
- C. The movement pattern remains about the same from day to day.
- D. Fetal movements are more frequent during the evening than in the morning.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased fetal movement may indicate a potential issue and requires further evaluation.
The nurse is providing prenatal education to a pregnant person who is 10 weeks pregnant. The nurse informs the pregnant person the placenta supports continual gestation until term by producing what?
- A. glucose
- B. hormones
- C. oxygen
- D. waste
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hormones. The placenta produces hormones such as progesterone and estrogen, which are crucial for maintaining the pregnancy and supporting fetal development. These hormones help regulate the menstrual cycle, support the growth of the fetus, and prepare the body for childbirth. Glucose (A) is essential for fetal growth but is not the primary function of the placenta. Oxygen (C) is carried through the placenta to the fetus but is not produced by the placenta itself. Waste (D) products are removed by the placenta, but they are not produced to support continual gestation.