Nokea
An individual is experiencing problems associated with memory. Which cerebral structures are most likely to be involved in this deficit? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Prefrontal cortex
- B. Occipital lobe
- C. Temporal lobe
- D. Parietal lobe
- E. Basal ganglia
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: The prefrontal cortex, parietal, and temporal lobes of the cerebrum play a key role in the storage and processing of memories. The occipital lobe is predominantly involved with vision. The basal ganglia influence the integration of physical movement, as well as some thoughts and emotions.
You may also like to solve these questions
A nurse administering psychotropic medications should be prepared to intervene when giving a drug that blocks the attachment of norepinephrine to ?±??-receptors because the patient may experience what effect?
- A. Increased psychotic symptoms
- B. Severe appetite disturbance
- C. Orthostatic hypotension
- D. Hypertensive crisis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sympathetic-mediated vasoconstriction is essential for maintaining normal blood pressure in the uplink position. Blockage of ?±??-receptors leads to vasodilation and orthostatic hypotension. Orthostatic hypotension may cause fainting and falls. Patients should be taught ways of minimizing this phenomenon.
A patient's partner, who is a chemist, asks a nurse how serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) lift depression. What response will the nurse provide?
- A. Destroys increased amounts of neurotransmitters.
- B. Makes more serotonin available at the synaptic gap.
- C. Increases production of acetylcholine and dopamine.
- D. Blocks muscarinic and ?±??-norepinephrine receptors.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Depression is thought to be related to the lowered availability of the neurotransmitter serotonin. SSRIs act by blocking the reuptake of serotonin, leaving a higher concentration available at the synaptic cleft. They actually prevent the destruction of serotonin, have no effect on acetylcholine and dopamine production, and do not block muscarinic or ?±??-norepinephrine receptors.
A nurse can anticipate anticholinergic side effects are likely to occur when a patient is prescribed what medication?
- A. Lithium
- B. Buspirone
- C. Risperidone
- D. Fluphenazine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fluphenazine, a first-generation antipsychotic medication, exerts muscarinic blockade, resulting in dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention. Lithium therapy is more often associated with fluid balance problems, including polydipsia, polyuria, and edema. Risperidone therapy is more often associated with movement disorders, orthostatic hypotension, and sedation. Buspirone is associated with anxiety reduction without major side effects.
A patient has taken many conventional antipsychotic drugs over the years. The health care provider, who is concerned about early signs of tardive dyskinesia, prescribes risperidone. A nurse planning care for this patient understands what fact about second-generation antipsychotics?
- A. They are less costly.
- B. They have a higher potency.
- C. They are more readily available.
- D. They produce fewer motor side effects.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Second-generation antipsychotic drugs often exert their action on the limbic system rather than the basal ganglia. The limbic system is not involved in motor disturbances. Atypical antipsychotic medications are not more readily available. They are not considered to be of higher potency; rather, they have different modes of action. Second generation antipsychotic drugs tend to be more expensive.
The spouse of a patient diagnosed with schizophrenia asks, 'Which neurotransmitters are more active when a person has schizophrenia?' The nurse's response will focus on which neurotransmitters? (Select all that apply.)
- A. GABA
- B. Substance P
- C. Histamine
- D. Dopamine
- E. Norepinephrine
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: Dopamine plays a role in the integration of thoughts and emotions, and excess dopamine is implicated in the thought disturbances of schizophrenia. Increased activity of norepinephrine also occurs. Substance P is most related to the pain experience. Histamine decrease is associated with depression. Increased GABA is associated with anxiety reduction.