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An inexperienced nurse has heard of other novice nurses who take shortcuts in providing patient care. This nurse feels that this is unacceptable and that all tasks must be performed faultlessly, which leads to her inability to complete all assigned tasks. This nurse would benefit from the seminar "Obstacles to Time Management: How to Deal with:
- A. Creativity."
- B. Perfectionism."
- C. Failure."
- D. Downtime."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perfectionism. This nurse's belief that all tasks must be performed faultlessly is indicative of perfectionism, which can lead to inefficiency and inability to prioritize tasks effectively. By attending a seminar on overcoming perfectionism, the nurse can learn strategies to manage time more efficiently and prioritize tasks based on their importance. Creativity (option A) is not directly related to the nurse's struggle with completing tasks. Failure (option C) does not address the root cause of the nurse's issue. Downtime (option D) does not address the underlying perfectionism that is hindering the nurse's time management.
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A concerned nursing student calls the office of an elected official to voice support for the bill to ban smoking in all public places. The secretary asks, "Are you a constituent?" What does the term constituent mean?
- A. A member of a professional organization who supports the organization's political issue
- B. A citizen who is registered and is eligible to vote for a representative
- C. An elected official who proposes legislation to be considered as a potential law
- D. A member of the House of Representatives who is seeking support for a particular bill
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because a constituent refers to a citizen who is registered and eligible to vote for a representative. In this scenario, the nursing student is calling the office of an elected official, indicating that they are a citizen who can vote for that official.
Choice A is incorrect as it refers to a member of a professional organization, not a citizen eligible to vote. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to an elected official, not a citizen. Choice D is incorrect as it refers to a member of the House of Representatives, not a citizen eligible to vote.
A hospital is concerned that the number of medication errors has increased significantly in the past year. A project revealed four causes of medication errors. The above chart was used to help staff and administration know where to focus efforts to reduce errors. Which process improvement tool is used in this situation?
- A. Run chart
- B. Pareto chart
- C. Flowcharts
- D. Cause-and-effect diagrams
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pareto chart. A Pareto chart is a quality improvement tool used to prioritize and focus efforts on the most significant causes of a problem. In this case, the hospital used the chart to identify the main causes of medication errors, helping them to allocate resources efficiently. The Pareto principle states that roughly 80% of effects come from 20% of causes, making it a powerful tool for process improvement.
A: Run chart is used to track data over time but does not prioritize causes like a Pareto chart.
C: Flowcharts are used to map out processes and are helpful for understanding the sequence of activities, not for prioritizing causes.
D: Cause-and-effect diagrams (Fishbone or Ishikawa diagram) are used to identify and organize potential causes of a problem but do not prioritize them like a Pareto chart.
In summary, the Pareto chart is the most appropriate tool in this situation because it helps focus efforts on the most significant causes
According to the Hallmarks of the Professional Nursing Environment, a nurse should ask a potential employer:
- A. how salaries compare with those of larger facilities.
- B. what benefits are provided to RNs that are not available to other health care providers.
- C. what role nurses have in determining the quality of care.
- D. how the employer plans to provide long-term economic security to RNs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): Asking about the role nurses have in determining the quality of care is crucial to understanding the level of autonomy and influence nurses have in the workplace. This question shows the nurse's commitment to patient care and the importance of nursing contributions in improving outcomes. It also indicates the nurse's interest in being part of a collaborative healthcare team.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A: This question focuses primarily on financial aspects and does not address the nurse's professional role in patient care.
B: While benefits are important, asking about benefits specific to RNs only may come off as self-centered and not reflective of the nurse's commitment to patient care.
D: Inquiring about long-term economic security is essential, but it does not directly address the nurse's role in quality care delivery, which is the primary focus of professional nursing practice.
In February 2010, Congress passed legislation to support universal health care for all Americans. At a local health fair, an individual asks about the difference between universal health care and a single payer system. The nurse explains the difference is that:
- A. with universal health, one universal payer, usually the government, pays all expenses for health care.
- B. single-payer systems offer health care only to eligible persons based on income.
- C. single-payer systems rely on insurance companies to pay predetermined fees for services.
- D. with universal health, one payer is responsible for all health care costs, providing health care to all citizens.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because in a universal health care system, one universal payer (often the government) is responsible for covering all health care expenses for all citizens. This means that everyone, regardless of income or eligibility, is covered under the same system.
Choice B is incorrect because a single-payer system does not necessarily limit health care access based on income; it simply means there is one entity responsible for paying health care costs.
Choice C is incorrect because single-payer systems do not rely on insurance companies to pay fees; instead, the single payer itself covers the costs directly.
Choice D is incorrect because it does not specify that the one payer in a universal health care system is usually the government, which is a key distinction in this context.
What does the Spirit of Nursing statue honor?
- A. Florence Nightingale's accomplishments in public health
- B. Edith Cavell's attempt to help the victims of the Tuskegee experiment seek treatment
- C. Clara Maas, who found the cure for yellow fever during WWII
- D. All military nurses for their bravery and compassion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Spirit of Nursing statue honors all military nurses for their bravery and compassion. This is the correct answer because military nurses have demonstrated exceptional dedication and sacrifice in providing care to wounded soldiers during times of conflict. They embody the spirit of selflessness and service that is essential in the nursing profession.
Incorrect answers:
A: Florence Nightingale is known for her contributions to nursing and public health, but the statue specifically honors military nurses.
B: Edith Cavell was a nurse who helped Allied soldiers escape from German-occupied Belgium during WWI, not related to the Tuskegee experiment.
C: Clara Maas was a nurse who volunteered for yellow fever experiments, but her work was not during WWII and did not lead to a cure for the disease.