Nokea
An infant, age 6 months, has six teeth. The nurse should recognize that this is what?
- A. Normal tooth eruption
- B. Delayed tooth eruption
- C. Unusual and dangerous
- D. Earlier than expected tooth eruption
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Six months is earlier than expected to have six teeth. At age 6 months, most infants have two teeth. Although unusual, having six teeth at 6 months is not dangerous.
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The nurse is discussing development and play activities with the parent of a 2-month-old boy. Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
- A. I can give my baby a ball of yarn to pull apart or different textured fabrics to feel.
- B. I can use a music box and soft mobiles as appropriate play activities for my baby.
- C. I can use a cup and spoon or push-pull toys for my baby at this age.
- D. I do not have to worry about appropriate play activities at this age.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Music boxes and soft mobiles are appropriate play activities for a 2-month-old infant. A ball of yarn to pull apart or different textured fabrics are appropriate for an infant at 6 to 9 months. A cup and spoon or push-pull toys are appropriate for an older infant. Infants of all ages should be exposed to appropriate types of stimulation.
At which age should the nurse expect most infants to begin to say mama and dada with meaning?
- A. 4 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 10 months
- D. 14 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Beginning at about age 10 months, an infant is able to ascribe meaning to the words mama and dada. Four to 6 months is too young for this behavior to develop. At 14 months, the child should be able to attach meaning to these words. By age 1 year, the child can say three to five words with meaning and understand as many as 100 words.
In terms of gross motor development, what should the nurse expect an infant age 5 months to do?
- A. Sit erect without support.
- B. Roll from the back to the abdomen.
- C. Turn from the abdomen to the back.
- D. Move from a prone to a sitting position.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rolling from the abdomen to the back is developmentally appropriate for a 5-month-old infant. The ability to roll from the back to the abdomen is developmentally appropriate for an infant at age 6 months. Sitting erect without support is a developmental milestone usually achieved by 8 months. A 10-month-old infant can usually move from a prone to a sitting position.
The nurse is checking reflexes on a 7-month-old infant. When the infant is suspended in a horizontal prone position, the head is raised and the legs and spine are extended. Which reflex is this?
- A. Landau
- B. Parachute
- C. Body righting
- D. Labyrinth righting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When the infant is suspended in a horizontal prone position, the head is raised and the legs and spine are extended; this describes the Landau reflex. It appears at 6 to 8 months and persists until 12 to 24 months. The parachute reflex occurs when the infant is suspended in a horizontal prone position and suddenly thrust downward; the infant extends the hands and fingers forward as if to protect against falling. This appears at age 7 to 9 months and lasts indefinitely. Body righting occurs when turning the hips and shoulders to one side causes all other body parts to follow. It appears at 6 months of age and persists until 24 to 36 months. The labyrinth-righting reflex appears at 2 months and is strongest at 10 months. This reflex involves holding infants in the prone or supine position. They are able to raise their heads.
Which characteristic best describes the fine motor skills of an infant at age 5 months?
- A. Neat pincer grasp
- B. Strong grasp reflex
- C. Builds a tower of two cubes
- D. Able to grasp object voluntarily
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At age 5 months, the infant should be able to voluntarily grasp an object. The grasp reflex is present in the first 2 to 3 months of life. Gradually, the reflex becomes voluntary. The neat pincer grasp is not achieved until age 11 months. At age 12 months, an infant will attempt to build a tower of two cubes but will most likely be unsuccessful.