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What information should be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age?
- A. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation.
- B. Place a cradle gym across the crib to help develop fine motor skills.
- C. Provide the child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills.
- D. Provide a stick horse to develop gross motor coordination.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A 12-month-old child is able to pull to a stand and walk holding on or independently. Appropriate toys for this age child include large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation. A cradle gym should not be placed across the crib. Finger paints are appropriate for older children. A 12-month-old child does not have the stability to use a stick horse.
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By which age should the nurse expect that an infant will be able to pull to a standing position?
- A. 5 to 6 months
- B. 7 to 8 months
- C. 11 to 12 months
- D. 14 to 15 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Most infants can pull themselves to a standing position at age 9 months. Infants who are not able to pull themselves to standing by age 11 to 12 months should be further evaluated for developmental dysplasia of the hip. At 6 months, infants have just obtained coordination of arms and legs. By age 8 months, infants can bear full weight on their legs.
At which age does an infant start to recognize familiar faces and objects, such as his or her own hand?
- A. 1 month
- B. 2 months
- C. 3 months
- D. 4 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The child can recognize familiar objects at approximately age 3 months. For the first 2 months of life, infants watch and observe their surroundings. The 4-month-old infant is beginning to develop hand-eye coordination.
At which age can most infants sit steadily unsupported?
- A. 4 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 8 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sitting erect without support is a developmental milestone usually achieved by 8 months. At age 4 months, an infant can sit with support. At age 6 months, the infant will maintain a sitting position if propped. By 10 months, the infant can maneuver from a prone to a sitting position.
A breastfed infant is being seen in the clinic for a 6-month checkup. The mother tells the nurse that the infant recently began to suck her thumb. Which is the best nursing intervention?
- A. Reassure the mother that this is normal at this age.
- B. Recommend the mother substitute a pacifier for her thumb.
- C. Assess the infant for other signs of sensory deprivation.
- D. Suggest the mother breastfeed the infant more often to satisfy her sucking needs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sucking is an infants chief pleasure, and the infant may not be satisfied by bottle-feeding or breastfeeding alone. During infancy and early childhood, there is no need to restrict nonnutritive sucking. The nurse should explore with the mother her feelings about a pacifier versus the thumb. No data support that the child has sensory deprivation.
What is an appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation?
- A. Playing peek-a-boo
- B. Playing pat-a-cake
- C. Imitating animal sounds
- D. Showing how to clap hands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because object permanence is a new achievement, peek-a-boo is an excellent activity to practice this new skill for visual stimulation. Playing pat-a-cake and showing how to clap hands help with kinetic stimulation. Imitating animal sounds helps with auditory stimulation.