Nokea
At which age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli?
- A. 1 month
- B. 2 months
- C. 3 months
- D. 4 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At age 2 months, the infant has a social, responsive smile. A reflex smile is usually present at age 1 month. A 3-month-old infant can recognize familiar faces. At age 4 months, infants can enjoy social interactions.
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The nurse is discussing development and play activities with the parent of a 2-month-old boy. Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
- A. I can give my baby a ball of yarn to pull apart or different textured fabrics to feel.
- B. I can use a music box and soft mobiles as appropriate play activities for my baby.
- C. I can use a cup and spoon or push-pull toys for my baby at this age.
- D. I do not have to worry about appropriate play activities at this age.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Music boxes and soft mobiles are appropriate play activities for a 2-month-old infant. A ball of yarn to pull apart or different textured fabrics are appropriate for an infant at 6 to 9 months. A cup and spoon or push-pull toys are appropriate for an older infant. Infants of all ages should be exposed to appropriate types of stimulation.
A breastfed infant is being seen in the clinic for a 6-month checkup. The mother tells the nurse that the infant recently began to suck her thumb. Which is the best nursing intervention?
- A. Reassure the mother that this is normal at this age.
- B. Recommend the mother substitute a pacifier for her thumb.
- C. Assess the infant for other signs of sensory deprivation.
- D. Suggest the mother breastfeed the infant more often to satisfy her sucking needs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sucking is an infants chief pleasure, and the infant may not be satisfied by bottle-feeding or breastfeeding alone. During infancy and early childhood, there is no need to restrict nonnutritive sucking. The nurse should explore with the mother her feelings about a pacifier versus the thumb. No data support that the child has sensory deprivation.
At which age does an infant start to recognize familiar faces and objects, such as his or her own hand?
- A. 1 month
- B. 2 months
- C. 3 months
- D. 4 months
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The child can recognize familiar objects at approximately age 3 months. For the first 2 months of life, infants watch and observe their surroundings. The 4-month-old infant is beginning to develop hand-eye coordination.
What is an appropriate play activity for a 7-month-old infant to encourage visual stimulation?
- A. Playing peek-a-boo
- B. Playing pat-a-cake
- C. Imitating animal sounds
- D. Showing how to clap hands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because object permanence is a new achievement, peek-a-boo is an excellent activity to practice this new skill for visual stimulation. Playing pat-a-cake and showing how to clap hands help with kinetic stimulation. Imitating animal sounds helps with auditory stimulation.
According to Piaget, a 6-month-old infant should be in which developmental stage?
- A. Use of reflexes
- B. Primary circular reactions
- C. Secondary circular reactions
- D. Coordination of secondary schemata
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Infants are usually in the secondary circular reaction stage from ages 4 to 8 months. This stage is characterized by a continuation of the primary circular reaction for the response that results. Shaking is performed to hear the noise of the rattle, not just for shaking. The use of reflexes stage is primarily during the first month of life. The primary circular reaction stage marks the replacement of reflexes with voluntary acts. The infant is in this stage from ages 1 to 4 months. The fourth sensorimotor stage is coordination of secondary schemata, which occurs at ages 9 to 12 months. This is a transitional stage in which increasing motor skills enable greater exploration of the environment.