Nokea
During the 2-month well-child checkup, the nurse expects the infant to respond to sound in which manner?
- A. Respond to name.
- B. React to loud noise with Moro reflex.
- C. Turn his or her head to side when sound is at ear level.
- D. Locate sound by turning his or her head in a curving arc.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 2 months of age, an infant should turn his or her head to the side when a noise is made at ear level. At birth, infants respond to sound with a startle or Moro reflex. An infant responds to his or her name and locates sounds by turning his or her head in a curving arc at age 6 to 9 months.
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What information should be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age?
- A. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation.
- B. Place a cradle gym across the crib to help develop fine motor skills.
- C. Provide the child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills.
- D. Provide a stick horse to develop gross motor coordination.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A 12-month-old child is able to pull to a stand and walk holding on or independently. Appropriate toys for this age child include large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation. A cradle gym should not be placed across the crib. Finger paints are appropriate for older children. A 12-month-old child does not have the stability to use a stick horse.
The parents of a 2-month-old boy are concerned about spoiling their son by picking him up when he cries. What is the nurses best response?
- A. Allow him to cry for no longer than 15 minutes and then pick him up.
- B. Babies need comforting and cuddling. Meeting these needs will not spoil him.
- C. Babies this young cry when they are hungry. Try feeding him when he cries.
- D. If he isnt soiled or wet, leave him, and hell cry himself to sleep.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Parents need to learn that a spoiled child is a response to inconsistent discipline and limit setting. It is important to meet the infants developmental needs, including comforting and cuddling. The data suggest that responding to a childs crying can actually decrease the overall crying time. Allowing him to cry for no longer than 15 minutes and then picking him up will reinforce prolonged crying. Infants at this age have other needs besides feeding. The parents should be taught to identify their infants cues. Counseling parents on letting the baby cry himself to sleep when not soiled or wet refers to sleep issues, not general infant behavior.
Which characteristic best describes the fine motor skills of an infant at age 5 months?
- A. Neat pincer grasp
- B. Strong grasp reflex
- C. Builds a tower of two cubes
- D. Able to grasp object voluntarily
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At age 5 months, the infant should be able to voluntarily grasp an object. The grasp reflex is present in the first 2 to 3 months of life. Gradually, the reflex becomes voluntary. The neat pincer grasp is not achieved until age 11 months. At age 12 months, an infant will attempt to build a tower of two cubes but will most likely be unsuccessful.
At a well-child visit, parents ask the nurse how to know if a daycare facility is a good choice for their infant. Which observation should the nurse stress as especially important to consider when making the selection?
- A. Developmentally appropriate toys
- B. Nutritious snacks served to the children
- C. Handwashing by providers after diaper changes
- D. Certified caregivers for each of the age groups at the facility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Health practices should be most important. With the need for diaper changes and assistance with feeding, young children are at increased risk when handwashing and other hygienic measures are not consistently used. Developmentally appropriate toys are important, but hygiene and the prevention of disease transmission take precedence. An infant should not have snacks. This is a concern for an older child. Certified caregivers for each age group may be an indicator of a high-quality facility, but parental observation of good hygiene is a better predictor of care.
The nurse is checking reflexes on a 7-month-old infant. When the infant is suspended in a horizontal prone position, the head is raised and the legs and spine are extended. Which reflex is this?
- A. Landau
- B. Parachute
- C. Body righting
- D. Labyrinth righting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When the infant is suspended in a horizontal prone position, the head is raised and the legs and spine are extended; this describes the Landau reflex. It appears at 6 to 8 months and persists until 12 to 24 months. The parachute reflex occurs when the infant is suspended in a horizontal prone position and suddenly thrust downward; the infant extends the hands and fingers forward as if to protect against falling. This appears at age 7 to 9 months and lasts indefinitely. Body righting occurs when turning the hips and shoulders to one side causes all other body parts to follow. It appears at 6 months of age and persists until 24 to 36 months. The labyrinth-righting reflex appears at 2 months and is strongest at 10 months. This reflex involves holding infants in the prone or supine position. They are able to raise their heads.