Nokea
An instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a group of students about reproductive structures and sexual arousal. Which female reproductive structure would the instructor include?
- A. The mons pubis
- B. The clitoris
- C. Labia minora
- D. Labia majora
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: At the superior function of the labia, there is a fleshy protrusion of tissue called the clitoris. The clitoris is an erectile tissue that enlarges and becomes sensitive when stimulated by the penis or touching that accompanies sexual foreplay. The mons pubis, labia minora, and labia majora are female reproductive structures but do not play as prominent a role in sexual arousal.
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A nurse is employed by a fertility clinic. Diagnostic testing is being completed to determine the source of the male not producing viable sperm to enable ovum fertilization. Which male structures does the nurse consider if the problem is narrowed to sperm survivability?
- A. Bartholin glands
- B. Prostate gland
- C. Cowper glands
- D. Vas deferens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The accessory structure of the prostate gland contains secretory cells that produce alkaline fluid. The prostatic fluid mixes with sperm. The alkalinity of the prostatic fluid neutralizes the acidic metabolic wastes released by the sperm and counteracts the acid pH within the vagina to ensure mass survival of the sperm. The Cowper glands add lubrication for penetration of the vagina.
The nurse is conducting a health history. When a middle-aged client reports last having a menstrual period 6 months ago. Upon further questioning, the client also states symptoms of hot flashes and mood fluctuations. Which question should the nurse ask next?
- A. Do you feel like hurting yourself?
- B. Are you finished having children?
- C. When was your first menstrual period?
- D. Are you taking any hormone replacement therapy?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To ensure a thorough health history, a client who exhibits symptoms of perimenopause should be assessed for the use of hormone replacement therapy to alleviate the symptoms. This information adds to the data reported by the client. Asking if the client is having thoughts of self-harm may be extreme with the report of mood fluctuations. Asking if the client is finished having children produces little additional data. Asking the first menstrual period is part of the health history but not the best question to ask after the client's statement.
What information would the nurse give the client when the client inquires what makes breast milk production?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Progesterone
- C. Prolactin
- D. Testosterone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prolactin promotes the production of breast milk. Estrogen secreted by the ovaries at the onset of puberty causes the development of the mammary system. Progesterone, secreted by the placenta, stimulates the development of alveoli, which secrete the milk. Testosterone does not impact milk production.
The client states to the nurse that he is very anxious about having prostate cancer ever since his prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test came back elevated. The client asks, 'Which diagnostic test produces definitive results if cancer is present?' The nurse is most correct to state which of the following?
- A. Transrectal ultrasonography
- B. Tissue biopsy
- C. Tumor marker studies
- D. Digital rectal exam
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Obtaining an actual piece of the tissue and analyzing it for cancer is a definitive test when cancer is found. A transrectal ultrasonography is a test to view the prostate gland from different angles. This test provides additional data on the status of the prostate gland. The tumor marker studies include the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. This antigen indicates a potential problem but is not definitive. PSA elevations have been noted for reasons other than cancer. A digital rectal exam provides data on the shape, size, and texture of the prostate gland.
The nurse is assisting a 30-year-old client in scheduling an appointment for a cervical biopsy. The nurse would recommend that the client schedule the testing at which time?
- A. 1 week after completion of the client's menstrual cycle
- B. 2 weeks before the onset of the client's menstrual cycle
- C. 3 weeks after the onset of the client's menstrual cycle
- D. 2 weeks after the cessation of the client's menstrual cycle
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Because the client is premenopausal, the nurse would recommend scheduling the cervical biopsy for 1 week after the end of a menstrual period, when the cervix is least vascular. Scheduling the test for any other time would be inappropriate.