Nokea
The nurse is instructing clients at a prenatal class. Which term does the nurse state as the medical name of what is removed during this procedure?
- A. The prepuce
- B. The glans
- C. The shaft
- D. The corpora cavernosa
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The prepuce or foreskin is removed during circumcision. The prepuce covers the glans. The shaft is tubular and composed of erectile tissue. The corpora cavernosa is a column of erectile tissue.
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The client states to the nurse that he is very anxious about having prostate cancer ever since his prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test came back elevated. The client asks, 'Which diagnostic test produces definitive results if cancer is present?' The nurse is most correct to state which of the following?
- A. Transrectal ultrasonography
- B. Tissue biopsy
- C. Tumor marker studies
- D. Digital rectal exam
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Obtaining an actual piece of the tissue and analyzing it for cancer is a definitive test when cancer is found. A transrectal ultrasonography is a test to view the prostate gland from different angles. This test provides additional data on the status of the prostate gland. The tumor marker studies include the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level. This antigen indicates a potential problem but is not definitive. PSA elevations have been noted for reasons other than cancer. A digital rectal exam provides data on the shape, size, and texture of the prostate gland.
A nurse is employed by a fertility clinic. Diagnostic testing is being completed to determine the source of the male not producing viable sperm to enable ovum fertilization. Which male structures does the nurse consider if the problem is narrowed to sperm survivability?
- A. Bartholin glands
- B. Prostate gland
- C. Cowper glands
- D. Vas deferens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The accessory structure of the prostate gland contains secretory cells that produce alkaline fluid. The prostatic fluid mixes with sperm. The alkalinity of the prostatic fluid neutralizes the acidic metabolic wastes released by the sperm and counteracts the acid pH within the vagina to ensure mass survival of the sperm. The Cowper glands add lubrication for penetration of the vagina.
The nurse has provided teaching to a client who is scheduled to have a Pap test. Which client statement indicates that teaching was successful?
- A. I'll schedule the test for the time when I have my next menstrual period.
- B. I need to refrain from sexual intercourse for at least 1 week before the test.
- C. I will stop using any vaginal medications at least 48 hours before the test.
- D. I need to use a vinegar and water douche the morning of the test.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Teaching is effective when the client schedules an appointment at a time other than during menstruation and does the following before the appointment: (1) avoids intercourse for 2 days, (2) refrains from douching for 1 day, and (3) ceases the use of vaginal medications for at least 48 hours.
A client presents with symptoms of menstrual difficulties and infertility. Which hormone is essential in the maintenance of the endometrium?
- A. Estrogen
- B. Progesterone
- C. Testosterone
- D. Prolactin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Without a high level of progesterone, the endometrium (uterine lining) degenerates and sheds. Estrogen is a hormone that is essential for menstruation and prepares the uterus for pregnancy. Women produce testosterone, which maintains muscle mass, bone strength, and sex drive. Prolactin is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates lactation.
The nurse is outlining the female internal reproductive structures on a diagram. Where on the diagram would the nurse highlight the typical site of ovum fertilization?
- A. The nurse would highlight the uterus.
- B. The nurse would highlight the cervix.
- C. The nurse would highlight the fallopian tube.
- D. The nurse would highlight the ovaries.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nurse would highlight the fallopian tubes as the site of ovum fertilization. Once fertilized, the fertilized egg moves to the uterus for implantation. The cervix is the lower, narrowed neck portion leading to the center of the uterus. The ovaries release the ovum, which is swept into the fallopian tubes.