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An interdisciplinary team is evaluating the hospital's care of patients admitted with a myocardial infarction (heart attack) compared to national standards. The team analyzes the hospital's clinical indicator, which would be: (select all that apply)
- A. aspirin order within 24 hours of discharge.
- B. patient teaching related to stopping smoking completed prior to discharge.
- C. beta blocker administered upon arrival.
- D. support of employer to modify stress in workplace.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: aspirin order within 24 hours of discharge. This is a key clinical indicator for evaluating care of heart attack patients as aspirin is a standard treatment to prevent further cardiac events. It is crucial for patient safety and adherence to national guidelines.
Choice B is incorrect as patient teaching on smoking cessation, although important, is not a direct clinical indicator for evaluating care of heart attack patients.
Choice C is incorrect as beta blocker administration upon arrival is important for heart attack patients, but it is not specific to evaluating the hospital's care compared to national standards.
Choice D is incorrect as employer support for stress modification is not a clinical indicator relevant to evaluating care of heart attack patients.
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Which of the following are concepts related to nursing theory? (select all that apply)
- A. Environment
- B. Health
- C. Nursing
- D. Relevance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Environment. Nursing theory often includes the concept of environment, which encompasses physical, social, and psychological factors influencing a patient's health. This concept helps nurses understand the context in which care is provided and how it impacts health outcomes.
Incorrect choices:
B: Health - While health is a fundamental aspect of nursing, it is not specific to nursing theory concepts.
C: Nursing - This is a broad term encompassing the profession itself, not a specific concept within nursing theory.
D: Relevance - This term is not directly associated with nursing theory concepts and does not provide a framework for understanding nursing practice.
An elderly person, age 80, is finding it difficult to live alone and the family is considering long-term care. The elderly person is reasonably healthy, with only normal aging declines, and maintains a healthy appetite. All medications are administered orally and require only minimal assistance. She is financially secure with an income based on retirement from both the military and factory from her deceased husband and herself. The family contacts long- term care and is told that, based on this patient's information:
- A. Medicare will cover the cost of stay since skilled services are required.
- B. Medicaid is only for families with dependent children.
- C. Medicare will pay for home health services should these additional services meet the needs of the individual.
- D. Medicare will pay regardless of household income or financial status for nursing home care.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): Medicare will pay for home health services should these additional services meet the needs of the individual.
1. Medicare covers home health services for individuals who meet specific criteria, which may include being homebound, needing skilled nursing care, and having a care plan established by a healthcare provider.
2. In this scenario, the elderly person is reasonably healthy and only requires minimal assistance with oral medications, indicating that she may benefit from home health services rather than long-term care.
3. Since the elderly person is financially secure, it is likely that she does not meet the eligibility criteria for Medicaid, which is a need-based program for individuals with limited income and resources.
4. Medicare does not cover long-term care in a nursing home unless specific criteria are met, such as requiring skilled services on a short-term basis. In this case, the elderly person's need for assistance with oral medications does not necessarily qualify as a skilled service for nursing home care.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A
A nurse is caring for a client with malignant hypertension whose blood pressure has increased by 40 mm Hg during the past hour. The nurse goes to lunch and fails to report the change to the physician. The nurse is at risk for being charged with:
- A. negligence.
- B. assault.
- C. defamation of character.
- D. tort.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Negligence
Rationale:
1. Negligence is the failure to provide the standard of care resulting in harm to the patient.
2. The nurse failed to report a significant change in the patient's condition, breaching the duty of care.
3. The increase in blood pressure could lead to serious complications, indicating the severity of negligence.
Summary:
B: Assault - Involves intentional threat or harm, not applicable in this scenario.
C: Defamation of character - Involves false statements damaging reputation, not relevant in the context of patient care.
D: Tort - A broader legal term encompassing various civil wrongs, but negligence is a specific type of tort applicable here.
An experienced nurse volunteers to serve on a task force intended to improve the quality of care because she possesses excellent patient care skills and has selected a career goal of working in quality management. However, the nurse is unable to concentrate on any one task or issue and is unable to view the health care milieu sensibly. Which source of energy is missing in this nurse?
- A. Physical
- B. Mental
- C. Spiritual
- D. Emotional
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mental. The nurse's inability to concentrate and view the healthcare milieu sensibly indicates a lack of mental energy. Mental energy is crucial for focus, problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking skills necessary for quality management. Physical energy (A) is related to physical stamina, spiritual energy (C) to inner peace and purpose, and emotional energy (D) to emotional resilience. However, in this case, the nurse's issue is primarily cognitive, highlighting the absence of mental energy.
An orthopedic unit is considering different types of care delivery models and staff have an opportunity to ask questions about how the models differ. The nurse manager provides an overview and uses the above visual to demonstrate which model of care delivery?
- A. Team
- B. Partnership
- C. Primary
- D. Functional
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Team. In a team care delivery model, multiple healthcare professionals work collaboratively to provide comprehensive care to patients. This is demonstrated in the visual of the orthopedic unit considering different types of care delivery models. The team model emphasizes teamwork, communication, and coordination among healthcare providers to ensure holistic patient care.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B: Partnership typically involves collaboration between healthcare providers and patients but may not necessarily involve multiple healthcare professionals working together as a team.
C: Primary care delivery model focuses on the patient's main point of contact, usually a primary care physician, rather than a team approach.
D: Functional care delivery model organizes care based on specific functions or tasks, which may not emphasize the collaborative teamwork seen in a team care delivery model.