Nokea
The informed consent documents must include: (select all that apply)
- A. an explanation of potential risks and benefits to participants in the study.
- B. medical terminology rather than lay terms to prevent misunderstanding of the study.
- C. a statement on how the anonymity and confidentiality of participants are protected.
- D. explanation of the cost of the study.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because informed consent documents must provide participants with an explanation of potential risks and benefits to ensure they fully understand what they are agreeing to. This helps participants make an informed decision about participating. Option B is incorrect because using medical terminology can actually increase misunderstanding; lay terms are recommended. Option C is incorrect as it is essential to include a statement on protecting anonymity and confidentiality to ensure participant privacy. Option D is incorrect as explaining the cost of the study is not a necessary component of informed consent.
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A nurse is seeking to become culturally competent in regard to obtaining information during health history and when performing physical diagnosis. The nurse is aware that which biologic variation is found in all of the following ethnicities: blacks, Asians, Hispanics, and American Indians?
- A. Mongolian spots
- B. Sickle cell anemia
- C. Lactose intolerance
- D. Thalassemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sickle cell anemia. This genetic disorder is found in individuals of African, Asian, Hispanic, and American Indian descent. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene, leading to the production of abnormal hemoglobin. This condition is more prevalent in these ethnic groups due to historical reasons and natural selection against malaria.
A: Mongolian spots are common in Asian infants but not in all the mentioned ethnicities.
C: Lactose intolerance is more common in individuals of African, Asian, and Hispanic descent but not specifically in American Indians.
D: Thalassemia is more prevalent in individuals of Mediterranean, African, and Southeast Asian descent, not in all the mentioned ethnicities.
The first field of nursing to certify advanced practitioners was the field of:
- A. adult nurse practitioners.
- B. nurse-midwifery.
- C. clinical nurse specialist.
- D. nurse anesthesia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: nurse-midwifery. Nurse-midwifery was the first field of nursing to certify advanced practitioners, starting in the 1920s. Nurse-midwives provide prenatal, childbirth, and postpartum care to women. Other choices are incorrect because adult nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, and nurse anesthesia programs were established after nurse-midwifery certification.
A person who is covered by Medicaid moves from one state to another and asks the nurse at the health department why the benefits changed. The correct response by the nurse is:
- A. "Local government controls which benefits each county can provide to Medicaid recipients."
- B. "The federal government does not fund any part of Medicaid, so each state must find ways to pay for benefits."
- C. "Each state determines benefits on the basis of the present economy."
- D. "Medicaid is funded by both state and federal governments, but benefits vary from state to state."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: "Medicaid is funded by both state and federal governments, but benefits vary from state to state."
Rationale:
1. Medicaid is a joint federal and state program, meaning it is funded by both levels of government.
2. States have flexibility in designing and administering their Medicaid programs, leading to variations in benefits across states.
3. When an individual covered by Medicaid moves to a different state, they may experience changes in benefits due to these state-specific variations.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. While local governments may have some influence, Medicaid is primarily funded by both state and federal governments.
B: Incorrect. The federal government does provide funding for Medicaid, but states also contribute, and benefits do vary across states.
C: Incorrect. State benefits under Medicaid are not solely determined by the present economy; they are influenced by various factors and state policies.
Which organization provides federal funding for research?
- A. National Institute of Nursing Research
- B. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
- C. W. K. Kellogg Foundation
- D. Sigma Theta Tau International
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: National Institute of Nursing Research. This organization is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and specifically focuses on funding nursing research. The NIH is a federal agency that provides funding for various scientific research areas, including nursing. The other choices, B: Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, C: W. K. Kellogg Foundation, and D: Sigma Theta Tau International, are not federal organizations and do not provide federal funding. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is a private philanthropic organization, W. K. Kellogg Foundation is a private foundation focused on children's wellbeing, and Sigma Theta Tau International is an honor society for nursing professionals.
Occupational health nursing features beliefs similar to those of which early nursing pioneer?
- A. Lillian Wald
- B. Florence Nightingale
- C. Clara Barton
- D. Mary Seacole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Florence Nightingale. Occupational health nursing shares beliefs with Florence Nightingale as she emphasized the importance of proper sanitation, hygiene, and preventive care in nursing practice. Nightingale's focus on maintaining a healthy environment aligns with the core principles of occupational health nursing. Lillian Wald is known for her work in public health nursing, Clara Barton for founding the American Red Cross, and Mary Seacole for her contributions during the Crimean War. While these pioneers made significant contributions to nursing, their beliefs and focus areas differ from those of occupational health nursing.