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An object with a charge of 3 μC is placed 30 cm from another object with a charge of 2 μC. What is the magnitude of the resulting force between the objects?
- A. 0.6 N
- B. 0.18 N
- C. 180 N
- D. 9 10−12 N
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To find the magnitude of the resulting force between two charges, we use Coulomb's Law:
F = k (|q1 q2|) / r²
Where:
F is the force
k is Coulomb's constant (8.99 10â¹ N·m²/C²)
q1 and q2 are the charges
r is the distance between the charges
Plugging in the values:
F = (8.99 10â¹) (3 10â»â¶) (2 10â»â¶) / (0.3)² = 0.18 N.
Therefore, the magnitude of the resulting force is 0.18 N.
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Enthalpy (H) is a thermodynamic property defined as the sum of a system's internal energy (U) and the product of its pressure (P) and volume (V). The relationship between these is:
- A. H = U + PV
- B. H = U - PV
- C. H = U / PV
- D. H = PV / U
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Enthalpy (H) is defined as H = U + PV, where U represents internal energy, P is pressure, and V is volume. Enthalpy includes both the internal energy of a system and the energy required to create space for the system against an external pressure. Therefore, the correct relationship between enthalpy, internal energy, pressure, and volume is H = U + PV. Choice B is incorrect as subtracting PV would not account for the work done against pressure. Choice C is incorrect as dividing U by PV doesn't represent the definition of enthalpy. Choice D is incorrect as dividing PV by U is not the correct relationship based on the definition of enthalpy.
If the force acting on an object is doubled, how does its acceleration change?
- A. It remains the same.
- B. It is halved.
- C. It is doubled.
- D. It is eliminated.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: According to Newton's second law of motion, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force acting on it. Therefore, if the force acting on an object is doubled, its acceleration will also double. This relationship is expressed by the equation F = ma, where F is the force, m is the mass of the object, and a is the acceleration. When the force (F) is doubled, the acceleration (a) will also double, assuming the mass remains constant. Choice A is incorrect because acceleration changes with a change in force. Choice B is incorrect because acceleration and force are directly proportional. Choice D is incorrect because increasing the force acting on an object does not eliminate its acceleration; instead, it results in an increase in acceleration, as per Newton's second law.
A 110-volt appliance draws 0 amperes. How many watts of power does it require?
- A. 0 watts
- B. 108 watts
- C. 112 watts
- D. 220 watts
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a 110-volt appliance draws 0 amperes, it means that the power consumption is zero as well. The formula to calculate power is P = V x I, where P is power in watts, V is voltage in volts, and I is current in amperes. Since the current is 0 amperes, the power required by the appliance is also 0 watts. Therefore, the correct answer is 0 watts. Choice B, 108 watts, is incorrect because there is no current drawn. Choice C, 112 watts, and choice D, 220 watts, are incorrect as well since the appliance is not consuming any power when drawing 0 amperes.
Which property of a substance does not change with a change in temperature?
- A. Mass
- B. Volume
- C. Phase
- D. Solubility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mass is an intrinsic property of a substance that remains constant regardless of temperature changes. It is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, and this quantity does not vary with temperature or the environment in which the substance is located. The conservation of mass in chemistry dictates that mass is neither created nor destroyed, making it independent of temperature variations.\nVolume, on the other hand, changes with temperature due to thermal expansion or contraction. Phase can change with temperature, leading to transitions between solid, liquid, and gas states. Solubility is affected by temperature changes as it influences the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
When a fluid encounters a bluff body (e.g., a car), the flow can separate behind the object, creating a region of low pressure. This phenomenon is known as:
- A. Cavitation
- B. Boundary layer separation
- C. Bernoulli effect per se
- D. Drag crisis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Boundary layer separation. Boundary layer separation occurs when the flow of fluid detaches from the surface of a bluff body, leading to a low-pressure region behind the object. This separation creates a wake region with reduced pressure. Choice A, Cavitation, refers to the formation of vapor bubbles in a fluid and is not relevant in this context. Choice C, Bernoulli effect per se, does not specifically describe the phenomenon of flow separation behind a bluff body. Choice D, Drag crisis, is not the term used to describe the creation of a low-pressure region due to flow separation.