Nokea
An older adult has fallen and sprained his ankle in a local park. Which action should the responder perform first?
- A. Elevate the foot.
- B. Apply ice.
- C. Administer aspirin.
- D. Assist the patient with ambulation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct action is to elevate the foot first. Elevating the foot helps reduce swelling and pain by promoting better circulation. This step is crucial in the initial management of a sprained ankle. Applying ice and administering aspirin can come after elevating the foot. Assisting with ambulation should only be considered after the initial measures are taken to address the sprained ankle.
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What finding supports the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the individual with HIV?
- A. Flu-like symptoms
- B. Oral hairy leukoplakia
- C. CD4+ T cells 200–500/µL
- D. Cytomegalovirus retinitis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cytomegalovirus retinitis is an opportunistic infection associated with advanced HIV disease and indicates progression to AIDS.
Which description about a nurse who develops a contact dermatitis from wearing latex gloves is accurate?
- A. This demonstrates a type I allergic reaction to natural latex proteins.
- B. Use powder-free latex gloves to prevent the development of symptoms.
- C. Use an oil-based hand cream when wearing gloves to prevent latex allergy.
- D. This demonstrates a type IV allergic reaction to chemicals used in the manufacture of latex gloves.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Contact dermatitis from latex gloves is typically a type IV hypersensitivity reaction to chemicals used in glove manufacturing.
What statement accurately describes gene therapy?
- A. May activate a mutated gene that is functioning improperly.
- B. Is a risky technique under study for genetic diseases with no cure.
- C. Is frequently done by replacing a healthy gene with a mutated gene.
- D. Introduces a new gene into reproductive cells to help fight a genetic disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gene therapy remains experimental and involves risks, aiming to treat genetic diseases by altering or replacing defective genes.
Which of the following is the most severe complication among clients with allergies,regardless of type?
- A. Bronchitis
- B. Cardiac arrest
- C. Anaphylactic shock and angioneurotic edema
- D. Asthma and nasal polyps
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anaphylactic shock and angioneurotic edema are life-threatening allergic reactions that require immediate medical intervention.
What is the primary trigger for NK cell activation?
- A. Presence of PAMPs
- B. Lack of normal self-surface structures
- C. High levels of complement proteins
- D. Antigen presentation by dendritic cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary trigger for NK cell activation is the lack of normal self-surface structures. NK cells are part of the innate immune system and recognize cells with altered or missing self-antigens. This triggers their activation to eliminate these abnormal cells. Presence of PAMPs (A) activates other immune cells like macrophages. High levels of complement proteins (C) activate the complement cascade but do not directly trigger NK cell activation. Antigen presentation by dendritic cells (D) activates adaptive immune responses through T cells, not NK cells. Therefore, the correct answer is B as it directly relates to NK cell function.