Nokea
An older adult patient is diagnosed with a vitamin D deficiency. What would be an appropriate recommendation by the nurse?
- A. Spend time outdoors at least twice per week
- B. Increase intake of leafy green vegetables
- C. Start taking a multivitamin each morning
- D. Eat red meat at least once per week
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sun exposure twice weekly promotes vitamin D synthesis in the skin. Leafy greens, multivitamins, and red meat may not adequately address a specific vitamin D deficiency.
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While waiting to see the physician, a patient shows the nurse skin areas that are flat, nonpalpable, and have had a change of color. The nurse recognizes that the patient is demonstrating what?
- A. Macules
- B. Papules
- C. Vesicles
- D. Pustules
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Macules are flat, nonpalpable skin color changes. Papules are elevated and solid, vesicles contain serous fluid, and pustules are pus-filled.
A young student comes to the school nurse and shows the nurse a mosquito bite. As the nurse expects, the bite is elevated and has serous fluid contained in the dermis. How would the nurse classify this lesion?
- A. Vesicle
- B. Macule
- C. Nodule
- D. Wheal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A wheal is an elevated lesion with serous fluid in the dermis, such as a mosquito bite. Vesicles contain fluid but are circumscribed, macules are flat, and nodules are solid.
A nurse is assessing the skin of a patient who has been diagnosed with bacterial cellulitis on the dorsal portion of the great toe. When reviewing the patients health history, the nurse should identify what comorbidity as increasing the patients vulnerability to skin infections?
- A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- B. Rheumatoid arthritis
- C. Gout
- D. Diabetes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetes increases susceptibility to skin infections like cellulitis due to impaired immune response and poor wound healing. COPD, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout are less directly related.
When planning the skin care of a patient with decreased mobility, the nurse is aware of the varying thickness of the epidermis. At what location is the epidermal layer thickest?
- A. The scalp
- B. The elbows
- C. The palms of the hands
- D. The knees
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The epidermis is the thickest over the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet, providing greater protection in these high-contact areas.
A patient is suspected of developing an allergy to an environmental substance and has been given a patch test. During the test, the patient develops fine blisters, papules, and severe itching. The nurse knows that this is indicative of what strength reaction?
- A. Weak positive
- B. Moderately positive
- C. Strong positive
- D. Severely positive
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fine blisters, papules, and severe itching indicate a moderately positive patch test reaction. Weak positive shows redness and itching, while strong positive includes blisters and ulceration.