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An older adult who lives in an assisted living facility tells a nurse that she is engaged in life review. The nurse understands which of the following about life review?
- A. Life review is only useful at the very end of an individual’s life.
- B. Life review and reminiscence are the same phenomenon.
- C. Life review is a highly personal activity.
- D. Life review can help an individual change course or set new goals.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Life review is a highly personal activity. This is because life review involves reflecting on past experiences, relationships, and accomplishments, which are unique to each individual. It is a process of self-reflection and introspection that helps individuals make sense of their lives and find meaning. Option A is incorrect because life review can occur at any point in an individual's life, not just at the very end. Option B is incorrect as reminiscence focuses on recalling past events, while life review involves deeper reflection and analysis. Option D is incorrect because while life review can promote self-awareness, it is primarily a reflective process rather than a tool for setting new goals.
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Which organization had the largest influence in the specialty of gerontological nursing?
- A. American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)
- B. John Hartford Foundation
- C. Medicare
- D. Mutual of Omaha Insurance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: John Hartford Foundation. The John Hartford Foundation is known for its significant contributions to the field of gerontological nursing through funding research, education, and initiatives to improve care for older adults. The foundation has supported the development of gerontological nursing programs and resources, making it a key influencer in advancing the specialty.
Explanation for other choices:
A: American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) primarily focuses on advocacy and support for older adults but does not have a direct influence on the specialty of gerontological nursing.
C: Medicare is a federal health insurance program for individuals aged 65 and older, but it does not specifically impact the development of gerontological nursing as an organization.
D: Mutual of Omaha Insurance is an insurance company and does not have a direct role in shaping the field of gerontological nursing.
While testing the vision of an elderly client, the nurse finds that the client has decreased ability to accommodate (presbyopia). Which clinical implication would the nurse recognize?
- A. Blurring of vision due to increased intraocular pressure
- B. Difficulty reading small print and decreased ability to focus on objects at varying distances
- C. Narrowing of field of vision-loss of peripheral vision
- D. Sensitivity to light (photophobia)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Difficulty reading small print and decreased ability to focus on objects at varying distances. As people age, the lens of the eye becomes less flexible, leading to presbyopia, which results in difficulty seeing close objects clearly. This explains the client's decreased ability to accommodate. This choice is correct because presbyopia specifically affects near vision, making it harder to read small print and focus on objects up close.
A: Blurring of vision due to increased intraocular pressure - This choice is incorrect because presbyopia is not related to increased intraocular pressure.
C: Narrowing of field of vision-loss of peripheral vision - This choice is incorrect because presbyopia does not affect peripheral vision; it specifically impacts near vision.
D: Sensitivity to light (photophobia) - This choice is incorrect because presbyopia does not cause sensitivity to light; it is solely related to difficulty in focusing on near objects.
All of the following are characteristics associated with centenarians EXCEPT:
- A. Exercise.
- B. Smoking.
- C. Weight control.
- D. Delayed onset of disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smoking. Centenarians are individuals who live to be 100 years old or older and smoking is a known risk factor for various diseases and premature death. Exercise, weight control, and delayed onset of disease are commonly associated characteristics of centenarians as they promote overall health and longevity. Smoking, on the other hand, has been proven to have detrimental effects on health and is not typically seen in individuals who live to be 100 or older. Therefore, the absence of smoking is a more accurate characteristic associated with centenarians.
A paper on culture and illness would likely include the statement that
- A. Culture is the same as ethnicity.
- B. Ethnic groups always share common geographic origin and religion.
- C. Ethnicity involves recognized traditions, symbols, and literature.
- D. Most members of an ethnic group exhibit identical cultural traits.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because ethnicity involves recognized traditions, symbols, and literature. This statement aligns with the topic of culture and illness, as ethnicity plays a significant role in shaping cultural beliefs and practices related to health and illness. It highlights the importance of cultural elements in understanding how different ethnic groups perceive and address health issues.
A: Culture is not the same as ethnicity; culture encompasses a broader range of beliefs and practices.
B: This choice is incorrect as ethnic groups can have diverse origins and religions.
D: Most members of an ethnic group do not exhibit identical cultural traits as cultural diversity exists within ethnic groups.
Which of the following is an indicator of dementia rather than normal aging?
- A. Difficulty recalling recent events
- B. Increased forgetfulness
- C. Forgetting names of familiar people
- D. Memory loss affecting daily functioning
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because memory loss affecting daily functioning is a key indicator of dementia, not normal aging. Normal aging may involve some forgetfulness, but it typically does not significantly impact daily activities. Choice A is incorrect because difficulty recalling recent events can occur in both normal aging and dementia. Choice B is incorrect as increased forgetfulness is a common feature of aging and may not necessarily indicate dementia. Choice C is incorrect as forgetting names of familiar people can also be a normal part of aging and does not solely point to dementia. Memory loss affecting daily functioning is a more specific and severe symptom that strongly suggests dementia over normal aging.