Nokea
An older adult with a recent history of mixed hearing loss has been diagnosed with a cholesteatoma. What should this patient be taught about this diagnosis? Select all that apply
- A. Cholesteatomas are benign and self-limiting, and hearing loss will resolve spontaneously.
- B. Cholesteatomas are usually the result of metastasis from a distant tumor site.
- C. Cholesteatomas are often the result of chronic otitis media.
- D. Cholesteatomas, if left untreated, result in intractable neuropathic pain. E) Cholesteatomas usually must be removed surgically.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Cholesteatomas are often the result of chronic otitis media. Chronic otitis media can lead to the formation of cholesteatomas, which are noncancerous but can cause complications if left untreated. Cholesteatomas do not resolve spontaneously (A), are not the result of metastasis (B), do not typically cause intractable neuropathic pain (D), and usually require surgical removal to prevent complications (E). Therefore, educating the patient about the association between chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma is essential for understanding the diagnosis and potential treatment options.
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A nurse is working at a health fair screening people for liver cancer. Which population group should the nurse monitor mostclosely for liver cancer?
- A. Hispanic
- B. Asian Americans
- C. Non-Hispanic Caucasians
- D. Non-Hispanic African-Americans
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Asian Americans. Asian Americans have a higher incidence of liver cancer compared to other population groups due to factors such as chronic hepatitis B infection and dietary aflatoxin exposure. Monitoring this group closely is essential for early detection and intervention.
Incorrect choices:
A: Hispanic - While Hispanics have a higher prevalence of fatty liver disease, the highest risk of liver cancer is not among this group.
C: Non-Hispanic Caucasians - Caucasians have a lower incidence of liver cancer compared to Asian Americans.
D: Non-Hispanic African-Americans - African-Americans have a lower risk of liver cancer compared to Asian Americans due to differences in risk factors and prevalence of hepatitis B.
A patient with preeclampsia is admitted complaining of pounding headache, visual changes, and epigastric pain. Nursing care is based on the knowledge that these signs indicate
- A. gastrointestinal upset.
- B. effects of magnesium sulfate.
- C. anxiety caused by hospitalization.
- D. worsening disease and impending convulsion.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient's symptoms of pounding headache, visual changes, and epigastric pain are classic signs of worsening preeclampsia, indicating a significant increase in blood pressure and potential progression to eclampsia (seizures). Immediate medical intervention is crucial to prevent complications.
A: Gastrointestinal upset does not explain the combination of symptoms presented.
B: Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent seizures in preeclampsia but does not cause these specific symptoms.
C: Anxiety does not typically present with the specific physical symptoms mentioned.
The nurse notes that a patient has a history of fibroids and is aware that this term refers to a benign tumor of the uterus. What is a more appropriate term for a fibroid?
- A. Bartholins cyst
- B. Dermoid cyst
- C. Hydatidiform mole
- D. Leiomyoma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Leiomyoma. A leiomyoma is the medical term for a fibroid, which is a benign tumor of the uterus composed of smooth muscle tissue. This term is more appropriate as it specifically refers to fibroids.
A: Bartholins cyst is a fluid-filled swelling in the Bartholin's gland, not related to fibroids.
B: Dermoid cyst is a type of ovarian cyst containing tissues like hair, teeth, and skin, not related to fibroids.
C: Hydatidiform mole is an abnormal growth of tissue in the uterus that forms during pregnancy, not related to fibroids.
An 86-year-old patient is experiencing uncontrollableleakage of urine with a strong desire to void and even leaks on the way to the toilet. Whichprioritynursing diagnosiswill the nurse include in the patient’s plan of care?
- A. Functional urinary incontinence
- B. Urge urinary incontinence
- C. Impaired skin integrity
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Urge urinary incontinence
Rationale:
1. The patient's symptoms of strong desire to void and leakage on the way to the toilet indicate urge urinary incontinence.
2. Urge urinary incontinence is characterized by a sudden, strong need to urinate with involuntary leakage.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Functional urinary incontinence - This type is due to factors such as cognitive or physical impairment, not a strong urge to void.
C: Impaired skin integrity - While important, this is a potential consequence of urinary incontinence, not the priority nursing diagnosis.
D: Urinary retention - This would present with the inability to empty the bladder, not symptoms of frequent urge to void and leakage.
A nurse is using the RESPECT mnemonic to establishrapport, the “R” in RESPECT. Which actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Connect on a social level.
- B. Help the patient overcome barriers.
- C. Consciously attempt to suspend judgment.
- D. Stress that they will be working together to address problems.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Connect on a social level. In the RESPECT mnemonic, "R" stands for "Rapport," which is crucial in building a therapeutic relationship with the patient. Connecting on a social level helps establish trust, empathy, and understanding between the nurse and the patient. This connection can lead to better communication, collaboration, and ultimately improved patient outcomes.
Summary:
- Choice B: Helping the patient overcome barriers is important but not specifically related to establishing rapport in the RESPECT mnemonic.
- Choice C: Suspending judgment is important for effective communication but does not directly address building rapport.
- Choice D: Stressing collaboration is valuable but does not specifically focus on connecting on a social level to build rapport.