Nokea
An older adult woman is admitted to the emergency department after falling at home. The nurse cautions her not to put weight on the leg after finding what in the patient assessment?
- A. Inability to move the toes and ankle
- B. Edema of the thigh extending to the knee
- C. Internal rotation of the leg with groin pain
- D. Shortening and external rotation of the leg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Shortening and external rotation indicate a hip fracture.
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Priority Decision: Before repositioning the patient on the side after a lumbar laminectomy, what should be the nurse's first action?
- A. Raise the head of the bed 30 degrees.
- B. Have the patient flex the knees and hips.
- C. Place a pillow between the patient's legs.
- D. Have the patient grasp the side rail on the opposite side of the bed.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Raising the head of the bed stabilizes the spine.
Which of these cranial nerves contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers?
- A. optic, CN II
- B. facial, CN VII
- C. trigeminal, CN V
- D. hypoglossal, CN XII
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: facial nerve, CN VII. The facial nerve contains preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that innervate the lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual glands. These fibers originate from the superior salivatory nucleus in the pons. Option A (optic nerve) is involved in vision and not related to parasympathetic function. Option C (trigeminal nerve) is primarily involved in sensory innervation of the face and motor function of the muscles of mastication. Option D (hypoglossal nerve) is responsible for motor control of the tongue and is not associated with parasympathetic fibers.
A diagnosis of AD is usually made when what happens?
- A. A urine test indicates elevated levels of isoprostanes
- B. All other possible causes of dementia have been eliminated
- C. Blood analysis reveals increased amounts of β-amyloid protein
- D. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain indicates brain atrophy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: AD is diagnosed after ruling out other causes of dementia
What is a disadvantage of open reduction and internal fixation of a fracture compared to closed reduction?
- A. Infection
- B. Skin irritation
- C. Nerve impairment
- D. Complications of immobility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Open reduction involves surgery, which increases the risk of infection.
Certain metabolic diseases can affect the nervous system. For instance, people with diabetes can develop a nervous system problem called diabetic neuropathy. What are the symptoms of diabetic neuropathy?
- A. Constipation or diarrhea
- B. Rapid heart beat
- C. Pain in feet
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy can cause a wide range of symptoms, including gastrointestinal issues like constipation or diarrhea, cardiovascular symptoms like rapid heart rate, and sensory symptoms like pain in the feet. This condition results from nerve damage due to high blood sugar levels. Recognizing these symptoms is essential for managing diabetes-related complications.