Nokea
An older female client with long term type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is seen in the clinic for a routine health assessment. To determine if the client is experiencing any long-term complication of DM, which assessments should the nurse obtain?
- A. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
- B. Sensation in feet and legs
- C. Skin condition of lower extremities
- D. Visual acuity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: These assessments are crucial for detecting complications such as neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy.
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The definition of hypertension in children is
- A. average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic BP that is ≥95th percentile for age, sex, on ≥2 occasions
- B. average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic BP that is ≥95th percentile for age, sex, and height on ≥2 occasions
- C. average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic BP that is ≥95th percentile for age, sex, and height on ≥3 occasions
- D. average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic BP that is ≥90th percentile for age, sex, and height on ≥3 occasions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension in children is defined as BP ≥95th percentile for age, sex, and height on ≥3 occasions.
The jugular venous pressure (JVP) has a predictable relationship with pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP). A JVP of >12 mm Hg predicted PAWP >22 mm Hg by 88% in which of the following trials?
- A. BNP
- B. ESCAPE
- C. EVEREST
- D. EMPA REG
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ESCAPE trial studied the effectiveness of therapies in patients with advanced heart failure and showed that elevated JVP was correlated with high pulmonary artery wedge pressures.
All patients with clinical evidence of a PDA are at increased risk for endocarditis. As a result, patients with PDA should be considered for irreversible closure EXCEPT
- A. small, hemodynamically insignificant PDA
- B. small, hemodynamically significant PDA
- C. moderate PDA
- D. large PDA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Small, hemodynamically insignificant PDAs may not require closure.
Specific receptor defects occur in:
- A. Guillain-Barre syndrome
- B. Myasthenia gravis
- C. Graves' disease
- D. Ulcerative colitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Myasthenia gravis is characterized by antibodies against acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness.
Which of the following is correct in breast milk jaundice?
- A. Peaks at first week of life
- B. Recurs with resumption of breast milk after trial stoppage
- C. Kernicterus can occur
- D. Seen in up to 10% of infants
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Breast milk jaundice recurs when breastfeeding is resumed after a temporary stoppage.