Nokea
Which among the following is a correct description for the condition 'mitral arcade'?
- A. Absent chordal insertions
- B. Absent papillary muscles
- C. Fused papillary muscles
- D. Elongated papillary muscles
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mitral arcade is characterized by fused papillary muscles.
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The following syndromes are caused by chromosomal abnormalities:
- A. Cri-du-chat syndrome
- B. Kearns-Sayre syndrome
- C. Marfan's syndrome
- D. Turner's syndrome
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Turner's syndrome: Turner's syndrome is caused by a monosomy of the X chromosome, characterized by short stature, infertility, and heart defects.
Increased TSH is seen in a neonate with:
- A. Thyroxine insensitivity
- B. Iodine deficiency
- C. Hyperbilirubinaemia
- D. Thyroid agenesis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iodine deficiency: Neonates with iodine deficiency often present with increased TSH levels as the body attempts to compensate for low thyroid hormone production.
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
- A. Causes LV outflow tract obstruction
- B. Occurs after adenoviral infection
- C. Commonly occurs in infancy
- D. Double apical impulse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy primarily causes left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
All patients with clinical evidence of a PDA are at increased risk for endocarditis. As a result, patients with PDA should be considered for irreversible closure EXCEPT
- A. small, hemodynamically insignificant PDA
- B. small, hemodynamically significant PDA
- C. moderate PDA
- D. large PDA
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Small, hemodynamically insignificant PDAs may not require closure.
Acute bronchiolitis is associated with:
- A. A higher incidence in infants than in school children
- B. The production of copious amounts of purulent sputum
- C. Widespread fine crackles
- D. A polymorphonuclear leucocytosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute bronchiolitis is more common in infants and is associated with fine crackles. Purulent sputum and polymorphonuclear leucocytosis are not typical features.