Nokea
For the child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, which medication may be given to keep the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) open until surgery can be done?
- A. Prostaglandin E
- B. Indomethicin
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. Digoxin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prostaglandin E is used to keep the PDA open in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, allowing for adequate blood flow until surgical intervention can be performed.
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Which type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitivity reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks, which may occur with drug or latex allergy?
- A. Neurogenic
- B. Cardiogenic
- C. Hypovolemic
- D. Anaphylactic
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Anaphylactic shock results from extreme allergy or hypersensitivity to a foreign substance. Neurogenic shock results from loss of neuronal control, such as the interruption of neuronal transmission that occurs from a spinal cord injury. Cardiogenic shock is decreased cardiac output. Hypovolemic shock is a reduction in the size of the vascular compartment, decreasing blood pressure, and low central venous pressure.
The following procedures may abort an attack of SVT EXCEPT
- A. placing of the face in ice water
- B. straining
- C. breath holding
- D. standing on head
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Standing on the head is not a practical or effective method to terminate SVT.
In bronchopulmonary dysplasia:
- A. Lung compliance is increased
- B. Bronchial reactivity is increased
- C. Lung function typically improves with age
- D. Hyperinflation is an associated finding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperinflation is a common finding in bronchopulmonary dysplasia due to lung damage and the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation.
A pulmonary embolus occurring while the patient is on the combined oral contraceptive pill:
- A. Is more likely in anti-thrombin III deficiency
- B. Is more likely in protein C deficiency
- C. Is an absolute contraindication to the combined pill
- D. Is an increased risk in smokers
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Anti-thrombin III deficiency increases the risk of thromboembolic events, including pulmonary embolism, especially in patients on the combined oral contraceptive pill.
All of the following are useful indicators regarding the severity of Tetralogy of Fallot
- A. Systemic arterial oxygen saturation
- B. Intensity of outflow murmur
- C. Functional class
- D. Right ventricular outflow gradient by echocardiography
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The intensity of the outflow murmur is not a reliable indicator of the severity of Tetralogy of Fallot.