Nokea
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be prescribed for the client with diabetes mellitus to reduce vascular changes and possibly prevent or delay development of:
- A. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- B. Pancreatic cancer.
- C. Renal failure.
- D. Cerebrovascular accident.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors protect against renal failure in diabetes by reducing vascular damage and proteinuria.
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Which of the following lifestyle modifications should the nurse encourage the client with a hiatal hernia to include in activities of daily living?
- A. Daily aerobic exercise.
- B. Eliminating smoking and alcohol use.
- C. Balancing activity and rest.
- D. Avoiding high-stress situations.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Eliminating smoking and alcohol is critical for managing hiatal hernia, as both can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and worsen reflux.
Which of the following activities should the nurse include in the plan of care for a client with burn injuries to be carried out about one-half hour before the daily whirl pool bath and dressing change?
- A. Soak the dressing.
- B. Remove the dressing.
- C. Administer an analgesic.
- D. Slit the dressing with blunt scissors.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Administering an analgesic 30 minutes before a painful procedure like a whirlpool bath and dressing change ensures pain relief, improving patient comfort and cooperation. Soaking, removing, or slitting the dressing typically occurs during the procedure, not beforehand.
College freshman are participating in a study abroad program. When teaching them about hepatitis B, the nurse should instruct the students on:
- A. Water sanitation.
- B. Single dormitory rooms.
- C. Vaccine for hepatitis B.
- D. Safe sexual practices.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hepatitis B is transmitted via blood and body fluids, so safe sexual practices (D) are critical for prevention. Water sanitation (A) is more relevant for hepatitis A. Single rooms (B) are unnecessary. The vaccine (C) is preventive but not the focus of behavioral instruction.
Which activity would be appropriate to delegate to unlicensed personnel for a client diagnosed with a myocardial infarction who is stable?
- A. Evaluate the lung sounds.
- B. Help the client identify risk factors for CAD.
- C. Provide teaching on a 2 g sodium diet.
- D. Record the intake and output.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Recording intake and output is within the scope of unlicensed personnel, as it involves observation and documentation, not assessment or teaching.
A nurse is teaching a camp counselor about the treatment of snake bites to an extremity. Which of the following information should be included in the teaching?
- A. apply a tourniquet above the affected site
- B. keep the extremity elevated above the heart
- C. if possible, try to capture the snake for easy identification
- D. do not apply ice to the affected site
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Applying ice can cause tissue damage and is not recommended. Tourniquets (A) can worsen outcomes, elevation above the heart (B) is controversial and not universally advised, and capturing the snake (C) is unsafe and unnecessary with modern antivenom protocols.