Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are useful in a variety of disorders. Which of the following statements are true about both its usefulness in the disorder and the reason for its use?
- A. Stable angina because it decreases the thickening of vascular walls due to decreased modified release.
- B. Heart failure because it reduces remodeling of injured myocardial tissues.
- C. Both 1 and 2 are true and the reasons are correct.
- D. Both 1 and 2 are true but the reasons are wrong.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: ACE inhibitors reduce myocardial remodeling in heart failure; they are not used for stable angina.
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Secobarbital and ethanol when given together show:
- A. Additive sedative action
- B. Reduced sedative action
- C. Competitive antagonism
- D. Chemical antagonism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Both secobarbital (barbiturate) and ethanol are CNS depressants, resulting in additive sedation.
L-Dopa is
- A. Converted to methyl dopa in the body
- B. Antagonised by riboflavine
- C. Antagonized by nicotinic acid
- D. Combined with carbidopa for enhanced effect
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Carbidopa enhances L-Dopa's effect by preventing peripheral breakdown.
Herbs and supplements are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Herbs and supplements are not regulated as drugs by the FDA; they fall under dietary supplement rules.
Common side effect of isoniazide:
- A. Hepatitis
- B. Ototoxicity
- C. Visual toxicity
- D. Hepatitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Isoniazid (likely misspelled as Isoniazide) commonly causes hepatitis as a side effect due to its hepatotoxic potential, requiring liver function monitoring. Note: Option D repeats 'Hepatitis,' but A is intended.
An older adult experiencing shortness of breath is brought to the hospital by her daughter. While obtaining the medication history from the patient and her daughter, the nurse discovers that neither has a list of the patient's current medications or prescriptions. The patient has a weekly pill dispenser that contains four different pills. The prescriptions are filled through the local pharmacy. Which resource would be appropriate to use in determining the medication names and doses?
- A. Martindale-The Complete Drug Reference
- B. Drugs and Facts Comparisons
- C. Senior citizens' center
- D. Patient's home pharmacy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient's pharmacy maintains an accurate record of all current medications, making it the best resource for identifying the drugs and doses.