Nokea
Another term for spontaneous generation is __________.
- A. biogenesis
- B. abiogenesis
- C. evolution
- D. spontaneity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: abiogenesis. Spontaneous generation refers to the idea that living organisms can arise from non-living matter, which was disproven by Louis Pasteur. Abiogenesis specifically refers to the origin of life from non-living matter, making it synonymous with spontaneous generation. Biogenesis (A) is the principle that living organisms only come from other living organisms. Evolution (C) is the process of gradual change in species over time. Spontaneity (D) refers to happening without external cause and is not directly related to the concept of spontaneous generation.
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Which of the following statements regarding S. aureus is not true:
- A. Producing hemolysins, leucocidins, enterotoxin
- B. Colonies with beta-hemolytic zones
- C. Always sensitive to penicillin
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: S. aureus is known to produce hemolysins, leucocidins, and enterotoxin.
Step 2: S. aureus colonies usually exhibit golden-yellow pigmentation with beta-hemolytic zones.
Step 3: S. aureus has developed resistance to penicillin due to the production of beta-lactamase.
Step 4: Therefore, statement C is not true as S. aureus is not always sensitive to penicillin.
Summary: Choices A and B are correct statements about S. aureus, while choice C is incorrect due to the increasing penicillin resistance seen in S. aureus.
The first grade pupils were examined in order to sort out children for tuberculosis revaccination. What test was applied for this purpose?
- A. Mantoux test
- B. Schick test
- C. Anthraxine test
- D. Burnet test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Mantoux test. The Mantoux test is used to detect tuberculosis infection by injecting a small amount of tuberculin under the skin and checking for a reaction. This test helps identify individuals who have been exposed to tuberculosis. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Schick test is used to determine immunity to diphtheria, not tuberculosis. C: Anthraxine test is used for anthrax, not tuberculosis. D: Burnet test is not a recognized medical test for tuberculosis.
Immunosuppressive drugs are not used for:
- A. Organ transplantation
- B. Measles
- C. Autoimmune diseases
- D. Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Measles. Immunosuppressive drugs are not used for treating viral infections like measles as they target the immune system and can worsen the infection. Organ transplantation requires immunosuppressive drugs to prevent organ rejection. Autoimmune diseases involve an overactive immune response, so immunosuppressive drugs are used to reduce this response. Hemolytic disease of the newborn can be treated with immunosuppressive drugs to prevent the destruction of red blood cells.
The bacterial component targeted by penicillin is:
- A. DNA
- B. Plasma membrane
- C. Cell wall
- D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cell wall. Penicillin targets the cell wall of bacteria by inhibiting the formation of peptidoglycan, a crucial component of the cell wall. This weakens the cell wall, leading to bacterial cell lysis. Choice A (DNA) is incorrect because penicillin does not directly target DNA. Choice B (Plasma membrane) is incorrect as penicillin primarily affects the cell wall, not the plasma membrane. Choice D (Ribosomes) is incorrect because penicillin does not target bacterial ribosomes, which are involved in protein synthesis.
Bacillary dysentery is also called:
- A. salmonellosis
- B. shigellosis
- C. typhoid fever
- D. campylobacteriosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bacillary dysentery is caused by the bacterium Shigella, hence it is also known as shigellosis. Shigella is the primary pathogen responsible for this infectious disease, leading to severe diarrhea with blood and mucus. Salmonellosis (A) is caused by Salmonella bacteria, not Shigella. Typhoid fever (C) is caused by Salmonella typhi, not Shigella. Campylobacteriosis (D) is caused by Campylobacter bacteria, not Shigella. Therefore, the correct answer is B because Shigella is the specific bacterium associated with bacillary dysentery.