Nokea
antagonist is a substance that:
- A. Binds to the receptors and initiates changes in cell function, producing maximal effect
- B. Binds to the receptors and initiates changes in cell function, producing submaximal effect
- C. Interacts with plasma proteins and doesn't produce any effect
- D. Binds to the receptors without directly altering their functions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An antagonist binds receptors without activating them, blocking agonist effects.
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Choose a drug that does not cause bradycardia:
- A. Clonidine
- B. Guanethidine
- C. Hydralazine causes reflex tactycardia
- D. Propranolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hydralazine causes reflex tachycardia, not bradycardia.
Angina is caused by:
- A. Blocking beta1 receptors with a constant binding of noradrenaline
- B. Activating beta2 receptors
- C. Beta1 receptors are not active anymore
- D. Extreme binding of noradrenaline due to up regulation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Angina results from myocardial ischemia, often due to excessive demand or reduced supply, which can be exacerbated by upregulated noradrenaline binding increasing heart workload.
Strategies prescribers can use to prevent misuse of controlled prescription drugs include:
- A. Use of chemical dependency screening tools
- B. Firm limit-setting regarding prescribing controlled substances
- C. Practicing 'just say no' to deal with patients who are pushing the provider to prescribe controlled substances
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All strategies "screening , limits , and refusal "help prevent misuse of controlled substances.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving daily doses of Oprelvekin. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor to determine effectiveness of this medication?
- A. Hemoglobin
- B. Absolute neutrophil count
- C. Platelet count
- D. Total white blood count
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oprelvekin increases platelet count , its primary therapeutic effect.
A nurse is administering digoxin to a patient. To administer medications so that the drug is as effective as possible, the nurse needs to consider what?
- A. Pharmacotherapeutics
- B. Pharmacokinetics
- C. Pharmacoeconomics
- D. Pharmacogenomics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When administering a drug, the nurse needs to consider the phases of pharmacokinetics so that the drug regimen can be made as effective as possible. Pharmacogenomics is the area of study that includes mapping of the human genome. Pharmacotherapeutics is the branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes all costs involved in drug therapy.