Nokea
Anticholinergic drugs are used in Ophthalmology because they produce what effect?
- A. Pupil restriction.
- B. Decreased lacrimal secretions.
- C. Pupil dilation.
- D. Sedation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pupil dilation. Anticholinergic drugs block the action of acetylcholine, leading to pupil dilation by inhibiting the constriction of the sphincter muscle in the iris. This effect is beneficial in ophthalmology for procedures like dilation exams and treating conditions like uveitis. Choice A is incorrect as anticholinergics cause pupil dilation, not restriction. Choice B is incorrect because anticholinergics actually increase lacrimal secretions instead of decreasing them. Choice D is incorrect as sedation is not a typical effect of anticholinergic drugs in ophthalmology.
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The nurse evaluates an improvement in the patient's heart failure (HF) status based on what assessment finding?
- A. Improved mental status.
- B. Using fewer pillows at night.
- C. Increased skin turgor.
- D. Heart rate regular.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Using fewer pillows at night. This indicates decreased fluid retention, a common symptom of heart failure. Improved mental status (A) may not directly correlate with HF improvement. Increased skin turgor (C) is more related to dehydration. A regular heart rate (D) is a positive sign but not specific to HF improvement.
A nurse is assessing the patient's home medication use. After listening to the patient's list of current medications, the nurse asks what priority query?
- A. Do you take any generic medications?
- B. Do you take over-the-counter medication?
- C. Are these medications safe to take during pregnancy?
- D. Are any of these medications orphan drugs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Do you take over-the-counter medication?" This is the priority query because over-the-counter medications may interact with prescription drugs, leading to adverse effects. It is crucial for the nurse to assess all medications the patient is taking, including over-the-counter ones, to ensure safety and effectiveness of the overall treatment plan.
Choice A is incorrect because whether the medications are generic or brand name does not directly impact safety or interactions. Choice C is incorrect as it assumes pregnancy, which may not be relevant to the patient. Choice D is incorrect as orphan drugs are not commonly used and not a priority in this context.
The nurse is providing teaching to a patient who is prescribed an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. What will be an important teaching point for this patient?
- A. Use barrier contraception to avoid pregnancy.
- B. Report any changes in vision.
- C. Follow a cholesterol-lowering diet.
- D. Report any respiratory symptoms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use barrier contraception to avoid pregnancy. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are known to cause birth defects if taken during pregnancy. Therefore, it is crucial for the patient to use effective barrier contraception to prevent pregnancy while on this medication. Reporting changes in vision (B) is not directly related to HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Following a cholesterol-lowering diet (C) is important but not the most critical point for this specific medication. Reporting respiratory symptoms (D) is important but not specific to this medication.
The nurse is teaching a group of parents about the use of syrup of ipecac. Which instruction will the nurse provide?
- A. Give ipecac with a glass of milk to increase emetic effect.
- B. Do not administer ipecac without consulting a poison control center.
- C. Use ipecac fluid extract and not ipecac syrup.
- D. Expect the impact of emesis to be immediate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Do not administer ipecac without consulting a poison control center. This is because ipecac is no longer recommended for use in cases of poisoning. It can actually be harmful and may delay the use of more effective treatments. Consulting a poison control center is essential to get guidance on the appropriate course of action.
Choice A is incorrect because giving ipecac with milk is not recommended and does not increase its emetic effect. Choice C is incorrect as ipecac syrup is the common form used, not the fluid extract. Choice D is incorrect because the impact of emesis may not be immediate and can vary depending on the individual and the substance ingested.
A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to her fetus from a pregnancy category B drug. What would the nurse inform the patient?
- A. There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from the use of the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.
- B. Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.
- C. Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated that there is no risk to the fetus.
- D. Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. The nurse would inform the patient that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there have been no adequate studies in pregnant women. This is because Pregnancy Category B drugs have shown no adverse effects in animal studies, but there is a lack of human data. Choice A is incorrect as it implies evidence of fetal risk in humans. Choice B is incorrect because it states adverse effects in animal studies without human data. Choice C is incorrect as it claims no risk based on limited studies. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately reflects the classification of Pregnancy Category B drugs.