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What would be the best source of drug information for a nurse?
- A. Drug Facts and Comparisons.
- B. A nurse drug guide.
- C. A drug package insert.
- D. The Physician's Drug Reference.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A nurse drug guide. Nurse drug guides are specifically designed to provide concise and relevant drug information tailored for nursing practice. They include essential details such as dosages, administration routes, side effects, and nursing considerations. Drug Facts and Comparisons (A) is more comprehensive and may contain overwhelming information not directly relevant to nursing practice. Drug package inserts (C) are detailed but not user-friendly for quick reference. The Physician's Drug Reference (D) is aimed at physicians, focusing more on diagnosis and treatment rather than nursing care.
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Which of the following is an adverse reaction to topical nasal steroid?
- A. Rebound effect.
- B. Local ulceration.
- C. Increased nasal drainage.
- D. Suppression of healing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Local ulceration. Topical nasal steroids can cause local irritation, leading to ulceration in the nasal mucosa. This occurs due to the steroid's potent anti-inflammatory effects on the nasal tissues. Rebound effect (choice A) is associated with nasal decongestant sprays, not nasal steroids. Increased nasal drainage (choice C) is not typically an adverse reaction to nasal steroids. Suppression of healing (choice D) is not a common side effect of topical nasal steroids.
A patient is admitted to the emergency department with severe recurrent convulsive seizures. Would the nurse expect to order for the use in emergency control of status epileptic?
- A. Ethosuximide (Zarontin).
- B. Diazepam (Valium).
- C. Phenobarbital (Luminal).
- D. Phenytoin (Dilantin).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Diazepam (Valium). In emergency situations of status epilepticus, diazepam is the preferred medication for immediate control of seizures due to its fast onset of action and efficacy in stopping prolonged seizures. Diazepam acts by enhancing the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which inhibits excessive neuronal activity. Ethosuximide (A) is used for absence seizures, not convulsive seizures. Phenobarbital (C) and phenytoin (D) have slower onset of action and are not ideal for immediate control of seizures.
A student asks the pharmacology instructor to explain the action of anticholinergic agents. What would be the instructor's best response?
- A. They compete with serotonin for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor sites.
- B. They increase norepinephrine at the neuromuscular junction.
- C. They block nicotinic receptors.
- D. They act to block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: They act to block the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system. Anticholinergic agents inhibit the action of acetylcholine, the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system. By blocking muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, these agents reduce parasympathetic stimulation, leading to effects such as decreased salivation, decreased GI motility, and pupil dilation.
Choice A is incorrect because anticholinergic agents do not compete with serotonin for receptor sites; they primarily target acetylcholine receptors. Choice B is incorrect as anticholinergic agents do not directly affect norepinephrine levels at the neuromuscular junction. Choice C is incorrect because anticholinergic agents primarily target muscarinic receptors, not nicotinic receptors.
The patient newly diagnosed with epilepsy asks the nurse to explain the meaning of the diagnosis. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Epilepsy is the clonic-tonic muscle contraction with the potential to cause injury.
- B. Epilepsy is a convulsive disorder caused by electrical discharge in the muscle.
- C. Epilepsy is a single disease.
- D. Epilepsy is characterized by sudden discharge of electrical energy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because epilepsy is defined by sudden discharges of electrical energy in the brain leading to seizures. This explanation is accurate and specific to the condition. Choice A is incorrect because epilepsy encompasses various types of seizures, not just clonic-tonic muscle contractions. Choice B is incorrect as it simplifies epilepsy to being solely convulsive, disregarding non-convulsive seizures. Choice C is incorrect because epilepsy is a spectrum of disorders.
After completing a course on pharmacology for nurses, what will the nurse know?
- A. Everything necessary for safe drug administration.
- B. General drug information; the nurse can consult a drug guide for specific drug information.
- C. The drug actions that are associated with each classification of medication.
- D. Current pharmacologic therapy; the nurse will not require ongoing education for 5 years.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because pharmacology courses provide general drug information, teaching nurses to consult drug guides for specific details. This knowledge includes drug classifications, actions, side effects, and interactions. Nurses must continuously update their knowledge due to new drug developments, hence ongoing education is necessary. Choice A is incorrect as pharmacology education is comprehensive but doesn't cover all aspects of safe drug administration. Choice C is incorrect because it oversimplifies pharmacology knowledge to just drug actions. Choice D is incorrect as pharmacologic therapy constantly evolves, requiring ongoing education.