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What drug would the nurse administer to treat a patient diagnosed with bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A. Glycopyrrolate.
- B. Ipratropium.
- C. Atropine.
- D. Flavoxate.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ipratropium. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator that helps relax the muscles in the airways, making it effective in treating bronchospasm in COPD. Glycopyrrolate (A) is also an anticholinergic but not commonly used for bronchospasm. Atropine (C) is not typically used for COPD-related bronchospasm. Flavoxate (D) is a urinary antispasmodic and not indicated for bronchospasm.
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The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who has myasthenia gravis. The nurse will be alert to symptoms affecting which body system in the patient?
- A. Gastrointestinal (GI) and lower extremity muscles.
- B. Central nervous system (CNS), memory, and cognition.
- C. Respiratory and facial muscles.
- D. Cardiovascular system and postural muscles.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Respiratory and facial muscles. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disorder that affects the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue. Symptoms commonly affect muscles involved in breathing (respiratory) and facial expressions, such as difficulty swallowing, breathing, speaking, and facial drooping. Monitoring these systems is crucial as respiratory muscle weakness can lead to respiratory failure. Choice A is incorrect because myasthenia gravis does not typically affect gastrointestinal or lower extremity muscles primarily. Choice B is incorrect as the primary symptoms of myasthenia gravis do not involve the central nervous system but rather the neuromuscular junction. Choice D is incorrect as myasthenia gravis does not directly impact the cardiovascular system or postural muscles.
You are caring for a patient who takes an antiarrhythmic agent. What would be the priority nursing assessment before administering this drug?
- A. Assess pulses and blood pressure.
- B. Assess breath sounds.
- C. Assess mental status.
- D. Assess urine output.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assess pulses and blood pressure. Before administering an antiarrhythmic agent, it is essential to assess the patient's pulses and blood pressure because these medications can affect cardiac function, potentially causing bradycardia or hypotension. Monitoring these vital signs helps to ensure the patient's safety and allows for early detection of any adverse effects. Assessing breath sounds (B), mental status (C), and urine output (D) are important assessments but not the priority before administering an antiarrhythmic agent, as they are not directly related to the medication's potential immediate effects on cardiac function.
A patient who has Parkinson's will begin taking carbidopa-levodopa. What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient about this medication?
- A. Discontinue the drug if you experience insomnia.
- B. Rise slowly from your bed or chair to avoid dizziness and falls.
- C. Call your health care provider immediately if your urine turns a dark color.
- D. Take the drug with foods high in protein to improve drug delivery.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rise slowly from your bed or chair to avoid dizziness and falls. This is because carbidopa-levodopa can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness and potential falls when standing up quickly. Instructing the patient to rise slowly can help prevent this adverse effect.
Choice A is incorrect because insomnia is not a common side effect of carbidopa-levodopa, so there is no need to discontinue the drug solely for this reason.
Choice C is incorrect as dark-colored urine is not a typical side effect of carbidopa-levodopa and does not warrant immediate medical attention.
Choice D is incorrect because taking carbidopa-levodopa with high-protein foods can actually decrease the absorption of the medication, potentially reducing its effectiveness.
Therefore, the most important information for the patient to remember is to rise slowly to prevent dizziness and falls.
A 6-year-old was complaining of elbow pain. The nurse will advise the patient to give which pain medication?
- A. Aleve.
- B. Motrin.
- C. Acetaminophen (Tylenol).
- D. Aspirin (Ecotin).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Acetaminophen (Tylenol). Acetaminophen is the safest pain medication for children due to its low risk of side effects like gastrointestinal irritation or bleeding, which can be more common with Aleve (A), Motrin (B), and Aspirin (D). Aspirin specifically is contraindicated in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. Acetaminophen is also preferred because it has antipyretic properties, making it effective for reducing fever in addition to pain relief. Ultimately, Acetaminophen is the best choice for a 6-year-old experiencing elbow pain due to its safety profile and effectiveness in managing pain and fever.
What would be the best source of drug information for a nurse?
- A. Drug Facts and Comparisons.
- B. A nurse drug guide.
- C. A drug package insert.
- D. The Physician's Drug Reference.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A nurse drug guide. Nurse drug guides are specifically designed to provide concise and relevant drug information tailored for nursing practice. They include essential details such as dosages, administration routes, side effects, and nursing considerations. Drug Facts and Comparisons (A) is more comprehensive and may contain overwhelming information not directly relevant to nursing practice. Drug package inserts (C) are detailed but not user-friendly for quick reference. The Physician's Drug Reference (D) is aimed at physicians, focusing more on diagnosis and treatment rather than nursing care.