ATI Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam I

ATI Advanced Pharmacology Final Exam I Related

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The nurse is performing an assessment on a patient who will begin taking propranolol (Inderol) to treat hypertension. The nurse learns that the patients have a history of asthma and diabetes. The nurse will take which action.

  • A. Request an order for a renal function test prior to the administration of this drug.
  • B. Teach the patient about the risk of combining herbal medication with this drug.
  • C. Contact the doctor to discuss another type of antihypertensive medication.
  • D. Administer the medication and monitor the patient's serum glucose level.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Contact the doctor to discuss another type of antihypertensive medication.

Rationale: Propranolol is a non-selective beta-blocker that can exacerbate asthma due to its potential bronchoconstrictive effects. Additionally, beta-blockers can mask signs of hypoglycemia in patients with diabetes, making it challenging to monitor blood glucose levels effectively. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to contact the doctor to discuss an alternative antihypertensive medication that is safe for the patient with a history of asthma and diabetes.

Summary of other choices:
A: Requesting a renal function test is not directly related to the patient's history of asthma and diabetes, which are more concerning in this case.
B: Teaching about combining herbal medication does not address the potential risks of propranolol in patients with asthma and diabetes.
D: Administering the medication without addressing the compatibility with the patient's conditions can lead to adverse effects and is not

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The nurse is caring for a patient that has seizure disorder. The nurse notes that the patient has reddened gums that bleed when oral care is given. The nurse recognizes this finding as:

  • A. A sign of poor self-care.
  • B. A drug interaction with aspirin.
  • C. An adverse effect of the phenytoin.
  • D. A symptom of hepatotoxicity.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: An adverse effect of phenytoin. Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug known to cause gingival hyperplasia, leading to reddened and bleeding gums. This is a common side effect of phenytoin due to its effect on gingival tissues. Poor self-care (choice A) may contribute to gingival issues, but in this case, the patient's gums are affected by a medication side effect. There is no indication in the question of aspirin use (choice B) or hepatotoxicity (choice D) causing the gum issues. Therefore, the most likely explanation is the adverse effect of phenytoin.

The nurse is providing patient teaching about prescribed opioid analgesic. What is an important point related to a possible adverse effect of this drug?

  • A. Ataxia.
  • B. Dysrhythmias.
  • C. Blurred vision.
  • D. Hypotension.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypotension. Opioid analgesics can cause hypotension by decreasing blood pressure. This is important for the nurse to teach the patient to avoid sudden changes in position to prevent falls. Ataxia (A) is more commonly associated with sedative medications. Dysrhythmias (B) are not a common adverse effect of opioid analgesics. Blurred vision (C) is more commonly seen with anticholinergic medications.

Order: 1000ml D5W at 120ml/hr. Available: Macro drop 15ml/hr. What is the drip factor in drops per minute?

  • A. 30 gtt/min.
  • B. 33 gtt/min.
  • C. 31 gtt/min.
  • D. 32 gtt/min.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: To calculate the drip factor in drops per minute, we use the formula: Drip factor = (Volume to be infused in ml) x (drop factor) / (Time in minutes). In this case, Volume = 1000ml, drop factor = 15 gtt/hr, and Time = 60 minutes (to convert 1 hour to minutes). Therefore, Drip factor = (1000ml) x (15 gtt/hr) / (60 min) = 250 gtt/min. However, since the available drop factor is 15 ml/hr and not 1 ml/hr, we need to adjust by dividing by 5 (15 ml/hr ÷ 3 ml/hr = 5). Therefore, the correct drip factor is 250 gtt/min ÷ 5 = 30 gtt/min (rounded to the nearest whole number).
Summary:
A: 30 gtt/min - Correct calculation.
B: 33 gtt/min - Incorrect calculation

A patient is diagnosed with borderline hypertension and states a desire to make lifestyle changes to avoid needing to take medication. The nurse advises:

  • A. Changing from weight-bearing exercise to yoga.
  • B. Decreased fluid intake and increased potassium intake.
  • C. Stress reduction and increased protein intake.
  • D. Weight reduction and decreased sodium intake.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Weight reduction and decreased sodium intake. Weight reduction helps lower blood pressure by reducing strain on the heart and blood vessels. Decreasing sodium intake is crucial as high sodium levels can lead to increased blood pressure. Changing from weight-bearing exercise to yoga (choice A) may not be as effective in lowering blood pressure. Decreased fluid intake and increased potassium intake (choice B) might not directly address the root cause of hypertension. Stress reduction and increased protein intake (choice C) may not have a direct impact on blood pressure compared to weight reduction and sodium intake.

When taking a medication history on a patient, why should the nurse ask about complementary or alternative therapies?

  • A. Many drug alternative therapy interactions can cause serious problems.
  • B. Natural products may be more effective, and the prescribed drugs may not be needed.
  • C. Patients starting on new drugs are usually not compliant with medical regimes.
  • D. The cost of the drug and the alternative therapy may be too expensive for the patient to handle.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because many complementary or alternative therapies can interact with prescribed medications, leading to serious adverse effects or reduced efficacy. By asking about these therapies, the nurse can identify potential interactions and prevent harm to the patient. Choice B is incorrect because natural products can also have interactions and may not always be more effective. Choice C is irrelevant to the question as it pertains to medication adherence, not interactions. Choice D focuses on cost, which is not directly related to the potential harm from interactions.

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