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A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a patient who will be going home on cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) prescribed for his acute musculoskeletal pain. The nurse will stress that the patient should avoid what?
- A. Taking antihistamines.
- B. Taking antiemetics.
- C. Taking antibiotics.
- D. Drinking alcohol.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Drinking alcohol. Cyclobenzaprine is a muscle relaxant that can cause drowsiness and dizziness. Alcohol can intensify these side effects, leading to impaired coordination and judgment. This can increase the risk of accidents and falls. It is important for the patient to avoid alcohol while taking cyclobenzaprine to prevent these adverse effects.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because there are no known interactions between cyclobenzaprine and antihistamines, antiemetics, or antibiotics that would pose a significant risk to the patient. It is essential to focus on the potential interactions that can have serious consequences, such as alcohol with cyclobenzaprine.
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A nurse is assessing the patient's home medication use. After listening to the patient's list of current medications, the nurse asks what priority query?
- A. Do you take any generic medications?
- B. Do you take over-the-counter medication?
- C. Are these medications safe to take during pregnancy?
- D. Are any of these medications orphan drugs?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Do you take over-the-counter medication?" This is the priority query because over-the-counter medications may interact with prescription drugs, leading to adverse effects. It is crucial for the nurse to assess all medications the patient is taking, including over-the-counter ones, to ensure safety and effectiveness of the overall treatment plan.
Choice A is incorrect because whether the medications are generic or brand name does not directly impact safety or interactions. Choice C is incorrect as it assumes pregnancy, which may not be relevant to the patient. Choice D is incorrect as orphan drugs are not commonly used and not a priority in this context.
Identify a reason a narcotic agent may be prescribed.
- A. Relief of moderate acute pain.
- B. Relief of minor pain.
- C. Analgesia during sleep.
- D. Analgesia during anesthesia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Relief of moderate acute pain. Narcotic agents are potent pain relievers typically prescribed for moderate to severe acute pain due to their strong analgesic properties. They work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord, blocking pain signals. Choice B is incorrect as narcotics are usually reserved for more intense pain. Choices C and D are incorrect because narcotics are not typically used for analgesia during sleep or anesthesia, as they can cause respiratory depression and other complications.
The patient asks the nurse what atorvastatin (Lipitor) newly prescribed will do. What's the expected outcome the nurse will describe?
- A. Decrease in sitosterol and serum cholesterol.
- B. Decrease in campesterol and LDL levels.
- C. Decrease in serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels.
- D. Decrease in serum cholesterol only.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because atorvastatin works by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, leading to a decrease in serum cholesterol and LDL levels. This is the expected outcome that the nurse will describe to the patient. Choice A is incorrect because sitosterol is not primarily targeted by atorvastatin. Choice B is incorrect as campesterol is not a main focus of atorvastatin. Choice D is incorrect because atorvastatin also targets LDL levels, not just serum cholesterol.
A nurse admits an older patient to the emergency room with reports of shortness of breath on exertion and a productive cough. The nurse reviews the patient's current medications and the patient says, “I take one pink pill every morning.†The nurse asks the name of the drug and the patient says she doesn't know. This happens with four other medications the patient says she takes. What is an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient?
- A. Ineffective health maintenance.
- B. Noncompliance.
- C. Acute confusion.
- D. Risk-prone health behavior.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ineffective health maintenance. This diagnosis is appropriate because the patient's inability to identify their medications indicates a lack of understanding and engagement in managing their own health. The patient's confusion about their medications can lead to noncompliance and potential health risks. The other choices are not as appropriate because the patient's issue is related to a lack of knowledge and understanding rather than deliberate noncompliance (B), acute confusion (C), or a risky behavior (D). To address the issue, the nurse should focus on education and support to improve the patient's health maintenance skills.
A patient who has epilepsy will begin an anticonvulsant medication. The patient asks the nurse how long the medication will be necessary. How will the nurse respond?
- A. You will take the medication as needed for seizure activity.
- B. The medication will be given until you are seizure free.
- C. You will take the medication for 3 to 5 years.
- D. The medication is usually taken for a lifetime.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: The medication is usually taken for a lifetime. The rationale for this is that epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent seizures. Anticonvulsant medications are typically prescribed long-term to help control and prevent seizures. Discontinuing the medication can lead to breakthrough seizures and potential risks to the patient's safety and well-being. Choices A and B are incorrect because anticonvulsants are not typically taken on an as-needed basis and the goal is not just to be seizure-free temporarily. Choice C is incorrect as the duration of anticonvulsant therapy may vary depending on the individual's condition and response to treatment, but it is often longer than 3 to 5 years.