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The nurse is providing patient teaching about prescribed opioid analgesic. What is an important point related to a possible adverse effect of this drug?
- A. Ataxia.
- B. Dysrhythmias.
- C. Blurred vision.
- D. Hypotension.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypotension. Opioid analgesics can cause hypotension by decreasing blood pressure. This is important for the nurse to teach the patient to avoid sudden changes in position to prevent falls. Ataxia (A) is more commonly associated with sedative medications. Dysrhythmias (B) are not a common adverse effect of opioid analgesics. Blurred vision (C) is more commonly seen with anticholinergic medications.
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Anticholinergic drugs are used in Ophthalmology because they produce what effect?
- A. Pupil restriction.
- B. Decreased lacrimal secretions.
- C. Pupil dilation.
- D. Sedation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pupil dilation. Anticholinergic drugs block the action of acetylcholine, leading to pupil dilation by inhibiting the constriction of the sphincter muscle in the iris. This effect is beneficial in ophthalmology for procedures like dilation exams and treating conditions like uveitis. Choice A is incorrect as anticholinergics cause pupil dilation, not restriction. Choice B is incorrect because anticholinergics actually increase lacrimal secretions instead of decreasing them. Choice D is incorrect as sedation is not a typical effect of anticholinergic drugs in ophthalmology.
A patient who has Parkinson's will begin taking carbidopa-levodopa. What information will the nurse include when teaching this patient about this medication?
- A. Discontinue the drug if you experience insomnia.
- B. Rise slowly from your bed or chair to avoid dizziness and falls.
- C. Call your health care provider immediately if your urine turns a dark color.
- D. Take the drug with foods high in protein to improve drug delivery.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Rise slowly from your bed or chair to avoid dizziness and falls. This is because carbidopa-levodopa can cause orthostatic hypotension, leading to dizziness and potential falls when standing up quickly. Instructing the patient to rise slowly can help prevent this adverse effect.
Choice A is incorrect because insomnia is not a common side effect of carbidopa-levodopa, so there is no need to discontinue the drug solely for this reason.
Choice C is incorrect as dark-colored urine is not a typical side effect of carbidopa-levodopa and does not warrant immediate medical attention.
Choice D is incorrect because taking carbidopa-levodopa with high-protein foods can actually decrease the absorption of the medication, potentially reducing its effectiveness.
Therefore, the most important information for the patient to remember is to rise slowly to prevent dizziness and falls.
A 6-year-old was complaining of elbow pain. The nurse will advise the patient to give which pain medication?
- A. Aleve.
- B. Motrin.
- C. Acetaminophen (Tylenol).
- D. Aspirin (Ecotin).
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Acetaminophen (Tylenol). Acetaminophen is the safest pain medication for children due to its low risk of side effects like gastrointestinal irritation or bleeding, which can be more common with Aleve (A), Motrin (B), and Aspirin (D). Aspirin specifically is contraindicated in children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. Acetaminophen is also preferred because it has antipyretic properties, making it effective for reducing fever in addition to pain relief. Ultimately, Acetaminophen is the best choice for a 6-year-old experiencing elbow pain due to its safety profile and effectiveness in managing pain and fever.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving a high dose of intravenous azithromycin to treat an infection. The patient is also taking acetaminophen for pain. The nurse should expect to review which lab value when monitoring for this drug side effect?
- A. Complete blood count.
- B. Urinalysis.
- C. Electrolytes.
- D. Liver enzymes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Liver enzymes. Azithromycin can cause liver toxicity as a side effect. Monitoring liver enzymes such as AST and ALT levels is crucial to detect any signs of liver damage. Acetaminophen is also metabolized in the liver, so combining it with azithromycin may increase the risk of liver injury. Checking liver enzymes helps the nurse assess the patient's liver function and adjust the medication regimen if necessary.
A: Complete blood count is not typically affected by azithromycin or acetaminophen.
B: Urinalysis is not relevant for monitoring liver toxicity.
C: Electrolytes are important but not specifically related to the side effects of azithromycin or acetaminophen in this scenario.
A nurse is caring for a six-year-old child who had surgery that morning. The child is awake and lying very still in bed. What should the nurse do?
- A. Use an “ouch†scale for pain assessment.
- B. Encourage the child to request pain medication when needed.
- C. Plan to administer pain medication if the child begins to cry.
- D. Ask the child to rate their pain on a scale of 1 to 10.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use an "ouch" scale for pain assessment. This approach is appropriate for a six-year-old child as it uses a simple and understandable method to assess pain levels. The child may not verbalize pain or cry, so using a visual scale like an "ouch" scale can help the nurse accurately assess the child's pain level. Encouraging the child to request pain medication (B) assumes the child will always feel comfortable expressing their needs, which may not be the case. Planning to administer pain medication if the child cries (C) may lead to unnecessary medication administration if the child is not in pain. Asking the child to rate their pain on a scale of 1 to 10 (D) may be too complex for a young child to understand and communicate effectively.