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The parent of a 5-year-old child asks the nurse to recommend an over-the-counter pain medication for the child. Which analgesic will the nurse recommend?
- A. Acetaminophen (Tylenol).
- B. Ibuprofen (Motrin).
- C. Aspirin (Ecotrin).
- D. Diflunisal (Dolobid).
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Acetaminophen (Tylenol). Acetaminophen is recommended for children due to its safety profile and effectiveness in reducing pain and fever. Ibuprofen and aspirin can be used in children over 6 months old, but aspirin is not recommended for children due to the risk of Reye's syndrome. Diflunisal is not typically used in children. In summary, acetaminophen is the safest and most appropriate choice for a 5-year-old child's pain relief.
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What action does the nurse take during the intervention stage of the nursing process related to drug therapy? (Select all that apply)
- A. Analyze the data collected.
- B. Collect a nursing history.
- C. Determine medication effectiveness.
- D. Document the medication.
- E. Administer the medication.
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: During the intervention stage of the nursing process related to drug therapy, the nurse's actions include determining medication effectiveness (C) to ensure the treatment is achieving its intended outcomes. Documenting the medication (D) is crucial for maintaining accurate records of administration and monitoring. Administering the medication (E) is essential for providing the prescribed treatment to the patient. Analyzing data (A) is typically done during the assessment phase, not the intervention phase. Collecting a nursing history (B) is part of the assessment phase. Other choices are not directly related to the intervention stage of drug therapy.
After completing a course on pharmacology for nurses, what will the nurse know?
- A. Everything necessary for safe drug administration.
- B. General drug information; the nurse can consult a drug guide for specific drug information.
- C. The drug actions that are associated with each classification of medication.
- D. Current pharmacologic therapy; the nurse will not require ongoing education for 5 years.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because pharmacology courses provide general drug information, teaching nurses to consult drug guides for specific details. This knowledge includes drug classifications, actions, side effects, and interactions. Nurses must continuously update their knowledge due to new drug developments, hence ongoing education is necessary. Choice A is incorrect as pharmacology education is comprehensive but doesn't cover all aspects of safe drug administration. Choice C is incorrect because it oversimplifies pharmacology knowledge to just drug actions. Choice D is incorrect as pharmacologic therapy constantly evolves, requiring ongoing education.
The nurse is preparing to administer a medication from a multi-dose bottle. The label is torn and soiled, but the name of the medication is still readable. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Administer the medication if the name of the drug can be clearly read.
- B. Discard the entire bottle and contents and obtain a new bottle.
- C. Ask another nurse to verify the contents of the bottle.
- D. Find the drug information and make a new label for the bottle.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Discard the entire bottle and contents and obtain a new bottle. The nurse's priority is patient safety. A torn and soiled label increases the risk of administering the wrong medication, dosage, or route. Discarding the bottle ensures that the correct medication is given, preventing potential harm to the patient. Administering the medication with a damaged label poses a significant risk of medication error. Asking another nurse to verify or making a new label does not eliminate the risk associated with using a compromised bottle. Finding drug information for a new label may introduce inaccuracies. Prioritizing patient safety by obtaining a new bottle is the best course of action in this situation.
When the nurse administers a cholinergic agonist to the patient the nurse's expectation is what system will be stimulated.
- A. Central nervous system.
- B. Parasympathetic nervous system.
- C. Sympathetic nervous system.
- D. Voluntary nervous system.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Parasympathetic nervous system. Cholinergic agonists stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system by mimicking the action of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system. This leads to increased activity in organs innervated by the parasympathetic system, such as slowing heart rate and increasing gastrointestinal motility.
A: Central nervous system - Cholinergic agonists primarily act on the peripheral nervous system, not the central nervous system.
C: Sympathetic nervous system - Cholinergic agonists do not stimulate the sympathetic nervous system; they have opposite effects.
D: Voluntary nervous system - Cholinergic agonists do not directly affect the voluntary nervous system, which controls skeletal muscles.
The patient newly diagnosed with epilepsy asks the nurse to explain the meaning of the diagnosis. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Epilepsy is the clonic-tonic muscle contraction with the potential to cause injury.
- B. Epilepsy is a convulsive disorder caused by electrical discharge in the muscle.
- C. Epilepsy is a single disease.
- D. Epilepsy is characterized by sudden discharge of electrical energy.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because epilepsy is defined by sudden discharges of electrical energy in the brain leading to seizures. This explanation is accurate and specific to the condition. Choice A is incorrect because epilepsy encompasses various types of seizures, not just clonic-tonic muscle contractions. Choice B is incorrect as it simplifies epilepsy to being solely convulsive, disregarding non-convulsive seizures. Choice C is incorrect because epilepsy is a spectrum of disorders.