Nokea
Antiviral agents that is/ are active against cytomegalovirus (CMV) include which of the following?
- A. Ganciclovir
- B. Foscarnet
- C. Acyclovir
- D. (a) and (b) are correct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because both Ganciclovir and Foscarnet are active against cytomegalovirus (CMV). Ganciclovir works by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase, while Foscarnet inhibits viral DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase. Acyclovir, on the other hand, is not effective against CMV as it primarily targets herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. Therefore, choices A and B are correct for CMV treatment, making option D the correct answer.
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A woman who is 8 weeks pregnant is in the clinic for a checkup. The nurse reads on her chart that her cervix is softened and looks cyanotic. The nurse knows that the woman is exhibiting ________ sign and ________ sign.
- A. Tanner; Hegar
- B. Hegar; Goodell
- C. Chadwick; Hegar
- D. Goodell; Chadwick
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Goodell; Chadwick. Goodell's sign refers to cervical softening, which is a common sign of pregnancy at 8 weeks. Chadwick's sign refers to the bluish discoloration of the cervix due to increased blood flow, also commonly seen at this stage. Tanner and Hegar signs are not relevant to the described scenario. Tanner's sign is related to breast development and Hegar's sign is related to softening of the isthmus of the uterus, not the cervix. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
When performing a genitourinary assessment on a 16-year-old male adolescent, the nurse notices a
- A. abdominal pressure and decreases when he is lying down. The patient complains of pain when straining. The nurse knows that this description is most consistent
- C. Femoral
- D. Incisional Test Bank - Physical Examination and Health Assessment 8e (by Jarvis) 394
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the description provided suggests inguinal hernia. Abdominal pressure causing pain, worsening when standing or straining, and relief when lying down are classic symptoms of inguinal hernia. This is common in males, especially adolescents, due to the descent of the testes through the inguinal canal. Choices B, C, and D do not align with the symptoms of an inguinal hernia and are therefore incorrect. Option A stands out as the best choice based on the specific symptoms presented in the question.
The drug of choice for monilial diarrhea is: *
- A. Amphothericin B
- B. Nystatin
- C. Ketoconazole
- D. Itraconazole
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Nystatin. Nystatin is the drug of choice for monilial diarrhea because it is an antifungal medication specifically effective against Candida species causing the infection in the gastrointestinal tract. It is not absorbed systemically, making it suitable for gastrointestinal infections. Amphothericin B (A) is used for systemic fungal infections. Ketoconazole (C) and Itraconazole (D) are not typically used for gastrointestinal Candida infections.
Which of the following methods should the nurse use to assess the kidneys for tenderness or pain?
- A. By auscultating the abdomen for bruits.
- B. By lightly striking the fist at the costovertebral angle.
- C. By observing for signs of bleeding.
- D. Monitor pressure dressing to note any frank bleeding.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: By lightly striking the fist at the costovertebral angle. This method is known as percussion and is used to assess for kidney tenderness or pain. Percussion helps to identify any abnormalities in the kidneys or surrounding structures. Auscultation (choice A) is used to listen for sounds, not assess for tenderness. Observing for signs of bleeding (choice C) and monitoring pressure dressing (choice D) are not appropriate methods for assessing kidney tenderness or pain.
The Na+Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney is blocked by:
- A. Spironolactone
- B. Thiazides
- C. Furosemide
- D. Ethacrynic acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Thiazides. Thiazides work by inhibiting the Na+/Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule, leading to decreased sodium reabsorption and increased urine output. This results in decreased blood volume and lower blood pressure. Spironolactone (A) works by blocking aldosterone receptors, affecting potassium and sodium balance. Furosemide (C) and Ethacrynic acid (D) act on the loop of Henle, inhibiting the Na+/K+/2Cl- transporter. Therefore, the correct answer is B because thiazides specifically target the Na+/Cl- transporter in the distal convoluted tubule.