Nokea
The following drug may cure typhoid fever, but does not prevent development * of carrier state?
- A. Ceftriaxone
- B. Ciprooxacin
- C. Cotrimoxazole
- D. Chloramphenicol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chloramphenicol. It is effective in curing typhoid fever but does not prevent carrier state due to its inability to eradicate the bacteria from the gallbladder. Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, and Cotrimoxazole can also cure typhoid fever but have been shown to reduce the carrier state development. Chloramphenicol lacks this preventive property, making it the correct answer.
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When performing a genitourinary assessment on a 16-year-old male adolescent, the nurse notices a swelling in the scrotum that increases with increased intra-abdominal pressure and decreases when he is lying down. The patient complains of pain when straining. The nurse knows that this description is most consistent with a(n) ______ hernia.
- A. Femoral.
- B. Incisional.
- C. Direct inguinal.
- D. Indirect inguinal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Indirect inguinal hernia. In an indirect inguinal hernia, the swelling in the scrotum increases with increased intra-abdominal pressure due to the herniation of abdominal contents through the internal inguinal ring. The swelling decreases when lying down because the contents reduce back into the abdominal cavity. Pain with straining is also characteristic of an indirect inguinal hernia.
A: Femoral hernia presents as a bulge in the upper thigh and is more common in females.
B: Incisional hernia occurs at the site of a previous surgical incision and is not typically affected by intra-abdominal pressure.
C: Direct inguinal hernia protrudes directly through the abdominal wall and is typically not palpable in the scrotum.
Which of the following is a substance that the kidneys remove from the blood during filtration?
- A. Carbon Dioxide
- B. Salts
- C. Oxygen
- D. Red Blood Cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Salts. During filtration in the kidneys, salts (such as sodium, potassium, and chloride) are removed from the blood to maintain proper electrolyte balance. Carbon dioxide (A) is primarily eliminated through respiration, not filtration by the kidneys. Oxygen (C) is essential for cellular respiration and is not typically removed by the kidneys. Red blood cells (D) are not filtered out by the kidneys unless there is a medical condition affecting the kidneys' function. Thus, the correct answer is B as salts are one of the key substances removed during kidney filtration to regulate electrolyte levels in the body.
Combivir is a combination therapy used to treat HIV and AIDS include which of the following drugs?
- A. Lamivudine and stavudine
- B. Lamivudine and zidovudine
- C. Abacavir and zidovudine
- D. Abacavir and stavudine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Lamivudine and zidovudine. Combivir is a combination therapy that contains these two drugs, which are commonly used together to treat HIV and AIDS. Lamivudine and zidovudine work synergistically to inhibit viral replication by targeting different stages of the HIV life cycle. Lamivudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) that blocks the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase, while zidovudine is also an NRTI that interferes with viral DNA synthesis. This combination helps reduce the viral load and improve the immune response in patients.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Lamivudine and stavudine - Stavudine is not part of the Combivir combination therapy.
C: Abacavir and zidovudine - Abacavir is not part of the Combivir combination therapy.
D: Abacavir and stavudine
The nurse on a urology unit is working with a patient be the nurses best response to this finding?
- A. Perform a straight catheterization on this patient.
- B. Avoid further interventions at this time, as this is an nutritional guidelines should the nurse provide? acceptable finding.
- C. Restrict protein intake as ordere
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because hematuria (blood in the urine) is a concerning finding that may indicate a urinary tract infection, kidney stones, or other underlying issues. By avoiding further interventions, the nurse can prevent potential harm or complications to the patient. Performing a straight catheterization (Choice A) may not be necessary without further assessment. Restricting protein intake (Choice C) is not indicated based solely on the presence of hematuria.
To minimize chances of renal calculi recurring, it is important for Mr. Reed to
- A. take prophylactic antibiotics on a daily basis
- B. increase fluid intake
- C. take megadoses of vitamin C daily
- D. get adequate rest to reduce stress and enhance resistance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: increase fluid intake. Adequate hydration helps prevent the formation of kidney stones by diluting the substances in the urine that can lead to stone formation. Increasing fluid intake can also help flush out minerals and toxins from the kidneys.
A: Taking prophylactic antibiotics daily is not recommended for preventing renal calculi as it can lead to antibiotic resistance and potential side effects.
C: Taking megadoses of vitamin C daily can actually increase the risk of kidney stone formation as excess vitamin C can be converted into oxalate, a substance known to contribute to stone formation.
D: While adequate rest and stress reduction are important for overall health, they do not directly prevent the recurrence of renal calculi.