Nokea
A patient is being treated with furosemide and Digoxin because of CHF. She * developed UTI. Which of the following antibiotics should NOT be prescribed?
- A. Cotrimoxazole
- B. Ciprooxacin
- C. Gentamycin
- D. Ampicillin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Gentamycin. Gentamycin is not recommended in this case due to its potential for nephrotoxicity, especially in patients already receiving furosemide. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can also cause kidney damage, so combining it with Gentamycin increases the risk of further renal impairment. Cotrimoxazole (A) and Ampicillin (D) are commonly used antibiotics that do not have significant interactions with furosemide and Digoxin. Ciprofloxacin (B) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is generally safe to use in patients with CHF and UTI.
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Which disease causes connective tissue changes that cause glomerulonephritis?
- A. Gout
- B. Amyloidosis
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Systemic lupus erythematosus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organs, including the kidneys. In SLE, the immune system attacks healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and damage to the connective tissues in the kidneys, resulting in glomerulonephritis. Gout (A) is a form of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals, not directly related to glomerulonephritis. Amyloidosis (B) is a condition where abnormal protein deposits can accumulate in organs, but it does not primarily cause glomerulonephritis. Diabetes mellitus (C) can lead to diabetic nephropathy, a common cause of kidney damage, but it does not directly cause glomerulonephritis associated with connective tissue changes.
An older man is concerned about his sexual performance. The nurse knows that in the absence of disease, a withdrawal from sexual activity later in life may be attributable to:
- A. Side effects of medications.
- B. Decreased libido with aging.
- C. Decreased sperm production.
- D. Decreased pleasure from sexual intercourse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Side effects of medications. As people age, they are more likely to be on multiple medications, some of which can have side effects like erectile dysfunction or decreased libido, leading to a withdrawal from sexual activity. This is a common issue for older adults.
Choice B (Decreased libido with aging) is incorrect because while libido may decrease with age, it is not usually the sole reason for a complete withdrawal from sexual activity.
Choice C (Decreased sperm production) is incorrect as it is not directly related to a withdrawal from sexual activity in older men.
Choice D (Decreased pleasure from sexual intercourse) is incorrect as pleasure can still be experienced regardless of age, and it is unlikely to be the primary reason for withdrawal.
In a patient with AKI, which laboratory urinalysis result indicates tubular damage?
- A. Hematuria
- B. Specific gravity fixed at 1.010
- C. Urine sodium of 12 mEq/L (12 mmol/L)
- D. Osmolality of 1000 mOsm/kg (1000 mmol/kg)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Urine sodium of 12 mEq/L (12 mmol/L). In a patient with AKI, tubular damage results in the inability of the kidneys to reabsorb sodium effectively, leading to a low urine sodium concentration. This is because damaged tubules cannot properly regulate sodium reabsorption. Choices A, B, and D do not directly indicate tubular damage. Hematuria (choice A) can be seen in various renal conditions, fixed specific gravity at 1.010 (choice B) may indicate dilute urine, and osmolality of 1000 mOsm/kg (choice D) could be within normal range depending on the clinical context.
The nurse on a urology unit is working with a patient be the nurses best response to this finding?
- A. Perform a straight catheterization on this patient.
- B. Avoid further interventions at this time, as this is an nutritional guidelines should the nurse provide? acceptable finding.
- C. Restrict protein intake as ordere
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because hematuria (blood in the urine) is a concerning finding that may indicate a urinary tract infection, kidney stones, or other underlying issues. By avoiding further interventions, the nurse can prevent potential harm or complications to the patient. Performing a straight catheterization (Choice A) may not be necessary without further assessment. Restricting protein intake (Choice C) is not indicated based solely on the presence of hematuria.
The following drug may cure typhoid fever, but does not prevent development of carrier state:
- A. Ceftriaxone
- B. Ciprofloxacin
- C. Cotrimoxazole
- D. Chloramphenicol
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Chloramphenicol is effective in curing typhoid fever by targeting the bacteria causing the infection.
2. However, chloramphenicol does not effectively eradicate the bacteria from the carrier state.
3. Ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and cotrimoxazole are also effective in treating typhoid fever but do not specifically target the carrier state.
4. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Chloramphenicol, as it cures typhoid fever but does not prevent the carrier state.