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Appendicitis may be difficult to diagnose in pregnancy because the appendix is:
- A. displaced upward and laterally, high and to the right.
- B. displaced upward and laterally, high and to the left.
- C. deep at McBurney point.
- D. displaced downward and laterally, low and to the right.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because during pregnancy, the enlarging uterus pushes the appendix downward and laterally, making it low and to the right. This displacement can lead to atypical presentation of appendicitis symptoms. Choices A and B are incorrect as the appendix is not displaced high and to either side. Choice C is incorrect as the McBurney point is a specific location for appendicitis pain but does not describe the actual position of the appendix during pregnancy.
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The penis is associated most with which system in the human body?
- A. The skeletal system
- B. The reproductive system
- C. The circulatory system
- D. The endocrine system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The penis is a primary organ of the male reproductive system, involved in sexual intercourse and urination.
A patient in her first trimester complains of nausea and vomiting. The patient asks, “Why is
this happening?” What is the nurse’s best response?
- A. "It is due to an increase in gastric motility."
- B. "It may be due to changes in hormones."
- C. "It is related to an increase in glucose levels."
- D. "It is caused by a decrease in gastric secretions."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "It may be due to changes in hormones." During the first trimester of pregnancy, hormonal changes, particularly an increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and estrogen levels, can trigger nausea and vomiting. This is known as morning sickness. These hormonal fluctuations can affect the gastrointestinal system, leading to symptoms of nausea and vomiting.
Choice A (increase in gastric motility) is incorrect because nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are more commonly attributed to hormonal changes rather than an increase in gastric motility.
Choice C (increase in glucose levels) is also incorrect as there is no direct link between elevated glucose levels and nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
Choice D (decrease in gastric secretions) is incorrect as there is no evidence to support that a decrease in gastric secretions causes nausea and vomiting in pregnancy.
During a patient's physical examination the nurse notes that the lower uterine segment is soft on palpation. The nurse would document this finding as:
- A. Hegar's sign.
- B. McDonald's sign.
- C. Chadwick's sign.
- D. Goodell's sign.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: At approximately 6 weeks of gestation, softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment occurs; this is called Hegar's sign.
To reassure and educate pregnant patients about changes in the uterus, nurses should be aware that:
- A. lightening occurs near the end of the second trimester as the uterus rises into a different position.
- B. the woman's increased urinary frequency in the first trimester is the result of exaggerated uterine anteflexion caused by softening.
- C. Braxton Hicks contractions become more painful in the third trimester,
particularly if the woman tries to exercise - D. the uterine souffle is the movement of the fetus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Increased urinary frequency in the first trimester is due to exaggerated uterine anteflexion caused by softening. This is because the growing uterus exerts pressure on the bladder, leading to the need for more frequent urination. This is a common physiological change in early pregnancy due to the hormonal effects on the pelvic floor muscles and bladder capacity.
A: Lightening typically occurs near the end of the third trimester, not the second trimester, as the baby drops lower into the pelvis in preparation for birth.
C: Braxton Hicks contractions are typically painless and irregular in the third trimester, not more painful. Pain with exercise could indicate preterm labor.
D: Uterine souffle refers to the sound of blood flow through the uterine arteries, not movement of the fetus.
Mastitis is:
- A. Inflammation of the testes
- B. A condition that causes a woman's breast tissue to become painful and inflamed
- C. Often caused by too much calcium in the diet
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mastitis is inflammation of the breast tissue, often due to infection or blocked milk ducts during breastfeeding.