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Approximately 3 days after fertilization, what is the term for the developing zygote, which is a 16-cell mass?
- A. Trophoblast
- B. Morula
- C. Blastocyst
- D. Embryoblast
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Morula. At approximately 3 days post-fertilization, the zygote undergoes multiple cell divisions, forming a 16-cell mass known as a morula. This stage precedes the formation of a blastocyst, which occurs around day 5. The trophoblast refers to the outer layer of cells in the blastocyst responsible for implantation, while the embryoblast is the inner cell mass that gives rise to the embryo. Therefore, the morula stage accurately represents the 16-cell mass at this specific developmental timeline.
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An expectant mother, diagnosed with oligohydramnios, asks the nurse what this condition means for the baby. Which statement should the nurse provide for the patient?
- A. Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development.
- B. Oligohydramnios means that the fetus is excreting excessive urine
- C. Oligohydramnios could mean that the fetus has a gastrointestinal blockage
- D. Oligohydramnios is associated with fetal central nervous system abnormalities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development. Oligohydramnios refers to a condition where there is a decreased amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. This can result in compression of the fetus leading to poor lung development. Reduced amniotic fluid levels can also increase the risk of umbilical cord compression and fetal growth restriction. Option B is incorrect as oligohydramnios actually indicates a decreased production of amniotic fluid, not excessive urine excretion by the fetus. Option C is incorrect as oligohydramnios is not directly related to gastrointestinal blockage in the fetus. Option D is incorrect as oligohydramnios is primarily associated with fetal lung and renal abnormalities, not central nervous system abnormalities.
Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual as part of the individual’s clinical care. Which example does the nurse associate with genomic medicine?
- A. Screening of neonates for inherited, treatable genetic diseases
- B. Creating drugs specifically for the treatment of cancer
- C. Conducting trial studies to determine how drugs effect individuals
- D. Tracing and gaining knowledge about how genetic mutations occur
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A is correct as genomic medicine involves using genetic information for clinical care, such as screening neonates for genetic diseases. This helps in early detection and treatment. B is incorrect as drug development is not the main focus of genomic medicine. C is incorrect as trial studies focus on drug effects, not genetic information. D is incorrect as tracing genetic mutations is related to genetics research, not clinical care in genomic medicine.
What condition would the nurse suspect in a patient with irregular menstrual cycles, obesity, and abnormal hair growth on the face?
- A. endometriosis
- B. hyperprolactinemia
- C. polycystic ovary syndrome
- D. hydrosalpinx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Irregular menstrual cycles, obesity, and abnormal hair growth are common symptoms of PCOS. PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Irregular menstrual cycles occur due to anovulation. Obesity is often associated with insulin resistance, a common feature of PCOS. Abnormal hair growth, known as hirsutism, is a result of elevated levels of male hormones (androgens). Endometriosis (A) is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain and infertility. Hyperprolactinemia (B) is an excess of prolactin hormone, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and milk production. Hydrosalpinx (D) is the accumulation of fluid in a fallopian tube, causing infertility but not the symptoms described.
Identify the birthing place providing the most comprehensive labor, birth, and immediate postpartum and newborn care.
- A. hospital with LDRP and NICU units
- B. in-hospital birthing center
- C. free-standing birthing center
- D. home birth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: hospital with LDRP and NICU units. Hospitals with Labor-Delivery-Recovery-Postpartum (LDRP) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) provide the most comprehensive care for labor, birth, and immediate postpartum and newborn care. LDRP units allow women to stay in one room for the entire birthing process, ensuring continuity of care. The NICU is crucial for providing specialized care to newborns with complications. In-hospital birthing centers lack the full range of medical resources available in hospitals, free-standing birthing centers may not have immediate access to emergency care, and home births carry risks due to limited medical interventions available.
Which student statement requires further instruction?
- A. It protects against cervical cancer and genital warts.
- B. It is recommended for boys and girls, age 11-12.
- C. It is an effective treatment for precancerous cervical changes.
- D. It requires 2-3 doses.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The HPV vaccine is preventive, not a treatment for existing conditions.