Nokea
Approximately how much fluid is lost in acute weight loss of .5kg?
- A. 50 ml
- B. 750 ml
- C. 500 ml
- D. 75 ml
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a person loses 0.5 kg of weight, it is commonly assumed that most of the weight loss is due to fluid loss. The approximate fluid loss for every 0.5 kg of weight loss is around 500 ml. This estimation is based on the fact that 1 kg of body weight is approximately equivalent to 1 liter of fluid. Therefore, for a 0.5 kg weight loss, the fluid loss would be approximately 500 ml (0.5 liters).
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It is a serious condition in which the bone marrow does not produce enough new blood cells. It may be passed down from the parents or develop sometime during childhood:
- A. Iron deficiency anemia
- B. Sickle cell disease
- C. Aplastic anemia
- D. Thalassemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aplastic anemia is a serious condition characterized by the bone marrow's failure to produce enough blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This condition may be inherited or acquired later in life, including during childhood. It results in a deficiency of all types of blood cells, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, frequent infections, and easy bruising or bleeding. Iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hemophilia, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura are different blood disorders with distinct causes and symptoms, which do not match the description provided in the question.
Place the following four nursing actions for the new laryngectomee in correct order of priority? i.Assist with ambulation ii.Set up a visit from a well-adjusted laryngectomee iii.Maintain a patent airway iv.Control postoperative pain
- A. 1, 2, 3, 4
- B. 3, 4, 1, 2
- C. 2, 3, 4, 1
- D. 4, 1, 2, 3
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: 1. Setting up a visit from a well-adjusted laryngectomee should be the first priority. This action will provide emotional support and guidance from someone who has gone through a similar experience, which can be extremely beneficial for the new laryngectomee in adjusting to their new situation and learning coping strategies.
Although children with Wilms tumor have a favorable prognosis, there are some adverse prognostic factors in children with Wilms tumor EXCEPT
- A. large tumors
- B. anaplastic histology
- C. loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 1p and 16q
- D. young age at diagnosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Young age at diagnosis is generally associated with a favorable prognosis.
Which of the ff is the diagnostic sign for pericarditis?
- A. Precordial pain
- B. Pericardial friction rub
- C. Hypotension
- D. Rapid and labored respirations INFLAMMATORY
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The classic diagnostic sign for pericarditis is the presence of a pericardial friction rub upon auscultation. This sound is caused by the inflamed pericardial layers rubbing against each other during the cardiac cycle. While precordial pain is a common symptom of pericarditis, it is not a specific diagnostic sign. Hypotension and rapid/labored respirations may occur in severe cases or complications but are not definitive diagnostic signs for pericarditis.
You are examining a 12-year-old female adolescent with a small nevus in the thigh; the mother is concerned regarding the future development of melanoma. All the following findings raise suspicion of melanoma EXCEPT
- A. enlarging nevus
- B. changing colors
- C. irregular margins
- D. easily bleeds
Correct Answer: E
Rationale: Spitz nevus is a benign mimic of melanoma and does not raise suspicion.