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As a QA nurse, which of the following can Nurse Jen adopts as a concurrent evaluation of patient's outcomes in the unit? I Direct observation of patient's condition. II Patient's interview in the unit. III Face to face interview with nursing staff. IV Nursing audit from the patient's chart.
- A. III & IV
- B. I, II, III, & IV
- C. I, II, & I
- D. I & II
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: As a QA nurse, Nurse Jen can adopt concurrent evaluation methods to assess patient outcomes in the unit. The most appropriate options for concurrent evaluation are Face to face interview with nursing staff (III) and Nursing audit from the patient's chart (IV).
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During a patient assessment, the nurse observes signs of distress and discomfort. What action should the nurse take to address the patient's needs?
- A. Ignoring the patient's distress to avoid making them uncomfortable
- B. Documenting the findings and informing the healthcare provider later
- C. Offering emotional support and actively listening to the patient's concerns
- D. Administering pain medication without further assessment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take when observing signs of distress and discomfort in a patient during assessment is to offer emotional support and actively listen to the patient's concerns. Ignoring the patient's distress may lead to worsening of the patient's condition and can be detrimental to the patient's well-being. Documenting the findings and informing the healthcare provider later is important but should not be the immediate response when a patient is in distress. Administering pain medication without further assessment is also not appropriate as the nurse needs to understand the underlying cause of the distress before providing appropriate interventions. Offering emotional support and actively listening to the patient's concerns can help the nurse understand the patient's needs, provide comfort, and potentially address the root cause of the distress.
Pelvic ultrasound can detect, which of the following?
- A. Congenital defects in the structure, fetal gender, H-mole
- B. Fetal DM, multiple pregnancies, fetal age of gestation
- C. Fetal sex, number, and lung maturity
- D. Fetal congenital defects, placenta previa, fetal lung maturity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pelvic ultrasound can detect fetal congenital defects, placenta previa, and fetal lung maturity.
Which of the following is NOT covered in Patient's Bill of Rights?
- A. Refusal to treatment
- B. Informed consent
- C. Right to treatment
- D. Civil commitment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The Patient's Bill of Rights typically focuses on ensuring patients have the right to certain aspects of their healthcare, such as the right to refuse treatment, the right to informed consent, and the right to receive treatment. Civil commitment, on the other hand, refers to the legal process through which an individual is involuntarily placed in a psychiatric facility for evaluation and treatment. This issue is not typically addressed in the Patient's Bill of Rights, as it involves specific legal procedures rather than general patient rights.
A patient with chronic kidney disease presents with metabolic acidosis. Which compensatory mechanism is the body most likely to employ to normalize pH?
- A. Hyperventilation
- B. Increased bicarbonate reabsorption
- C. Increased renal excretion of hydrogen ions
- D. Decreased renal excretion of bicarbonate ions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a patient with chronic kidney disease presenting with metabolic acidosis, the compensatory mechanism the body is most likely to employ to normalize pH is increased bicarbonate reabsorption in the kidneys. The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining acid-base balance by regulating bicarbonate levels in the blood. In metabolic acidosis, there is an excess of non-volatile acids in the body, leading to a decrease in blood pH. To compensate for this acidosis, the kidneys increase the reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate ions from the renal tubules back into the blood. This process helps to raise the bicarbonate levels in the blood, which in turn helps to neutralize excess hydrogen ions and restore the blood pH towards normal levels. Hyperventilation (A) is a compensatory mechanism for respiratory acidosis, not metabolic acidosis. Increased renal excretion of hydrogen ions (C) and decreased renal excretion of bicarbonate ions
you find Ms. C in her room running and trotting around for about the last 30 minutes. What is the BEST response to give her at this time?
- A. "Tell me why you are running and trotting around the room?"
- B. "Stop running right now, otherwise, we will change your exercise program"
- C. "We have talked about exercise and agreed to reach your weight goal first"
- D. "If you continue to exercise like this, you are going to eat more"
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The best response is to ask Ms. C why she is running and trotting around the room. This approach is empathetic and allows for open communication to understand her behavior. It is important to gather information before jumping to conclusions or making threats about changing her exercise program or eating habits. By showing concern and curiosity, you can address the situation in a supportive and constructive manner.