Nokea
As an antacid, sodium bicarbonate has the following disadvantages EXCEPT:
- A. It causes acid rebound
- B. In ulcer patients, it increases risk of perforation
- C. It has low acid neutralizing capacity
- D. It is contraindicated in CHF
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate has high acid-neutralizing capacity, but it causes acid rebound, risks perforation in ulcers due to gas production, and is contraindicated in CHF due to sodium load.
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Nonselective beta blockers and alcohol create serious drug interactions with insulin because they:
- A. Increase blood glucose levels
- B. Produce unexplained diaphoresis
- C. Interfere with the ability of the body to metabolize glucose
- D. Mask the signs and symptoms of altered glucose levels
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nonselective beta blockers and alcohol mask hypoglycemia symptoms (e.g., tachycardia), complicating detection.
Sarah, a 42-year-old female, requests a prescription for an anorexiant to treat her obesity. A trial of phentermine is prescribed. Prescribing precautions include:
- A. Understanding that obesity is a contraindication to prescribing phentermine
- B. Anorexiants may cause tolerance and should only be prescribed for 6 months
- C. Patients should be monitored for postural hypotension
- D. Renal function should be monitored closely while on anorexiants
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phentermine can cause postural hypotension, requiring monitoring.
What would be the best source of drug information for a nurse?
- A. Drug Facts and Comparisons
- B. A nurse's drug guide
- C. A drug package insert
- D. The Physicians Drug Reference (PDR)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A nurse's drug guide provides nursing implications and patient teaching points that are most useful to nurses in addition to need-to-know drug information in a very user friendly organizational style. Lippincott's Nursing Drug Guide (LNDG) has drug monographs organized alphabetically and includes nursing implications and patient teaching points. Numerous other drug handbooks are also on the market and readily available for nurses to use. Although other drug reference books such as Drug Facts and Comparisons, PDR, and drug package inserts can all provide essential drug information, they will not contain nursing implications and teaching points and can be more difficult to use than nurse's drug guides.
Which name identifies a drug listed by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
- A. Brand
- B. Nonproprietary
- C. Official
- D. Trademark
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The official name is the name under which a drug is listed by the FDA. The brand name, or trademark, is the name given to a drug by its manufacturer. The nonproprietary, or generic, name is provided by the United States Adopted Names Council.
A patient tells the clinic nurse that he or she has been taking over-the-counter (OTC) Pepcid to relieve acid indigestion for several years. This is the first time the patient has ever reported this issue to a health care provider. As part of the teaching plan for this patient, the nurse explains what risk associated with not sharing OTC drug use with the provider?
- A. The OTC drug could be more expensive than seeking health care advice.
- B. The drug could mask symptoms of a serious problem that is undiagnosed.
- C. Use of the drug could cause a rebound effect of Pepcid.
- D. The drug could interact with several cold medicines.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: OTC drugs allow patients to self-diagnose and treat routine signs and symptoms without seeing a health care provider. This self-prescribed treatment, however, could mask a more serious underlying medical problem and result in a poor outcome for the patient. The issues of drug rebound and drug interaction need to be considered, but the safety issue related to self-diagnosis and self-prescription presents the greatest risk to the patient. Patients should always be encouraged to discuss the use of OTC products with their health care provider.