Nokea
As nursing students were setting up a health screening at a local community center, they reviewed the need to screen for heart disease and cancer. One student asked, "But colon cancer is prevalent: why aren't we setting up for sigmoidoscopy?" How would Nurse Filomena reply?
- A. "Can find adequate privacy for a sigmoidoscopy?"
- B. "A sigmoidoscopy is expensive to perform and invasive".
- C. "Would you like to perform that test for the screening?".
- D. "What a great idea. Would you like to help arrange it?".
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Performing a sigmoidoscopy, which is a procedure to examine the lower part of the colon and rectum, during a health screening event at a community center may not be practical for several reasons. Firstly, sigmoidoscopy is relatively invasive compared to other screening methods for colon cancer, such as fecal occult blood tests or colonoscopy. Secondly, it can be expensive to perform, especially in a community setting where cost-effectiveness is an important consideration. Therefore, Nurse Filomena would likely point out the invasiveness and cost factors to explain why a sigmoidoscopy may not be suitable for a health screening event at a local community center.
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To start a nursing improvement project, what is the FIRST step that a nurse must keep in mind?
- A. Implement plan to correct the problem
- B. Determine the nursing standards
- C. Determine findings if warrant correction
- D. Collect data determine if standards are met
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first step that a nurse must keep in mind to start a nursing improvement project is to determine the nursing standards. This is crucial because nursing standards provide guidelines and benchmarks for quality care delivery. By identifying and understanding the established standards, nurses can assess current practices, identify areas that need improvement, and develop strategies to enhance patient care. Setting a clear foundation based on nursing standards is essential before moving forward with implementing corrective actions, determining findings for correction, or collecting data. Understanding and aligning with nursing standards from the outset ensures that the improvement project is focused on promoting best practices and achieving positive outcomes for patients.
which of the following is an EXTRANEOUS variable of the study?
- A. Age of patients .
- B. Length of stay 4-5 days.
- C. Absence of complications.
- D. Date of admission January-March.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The extraneous variable in a study is a variable that is not the main focus of the study but could potentially impact the results. In this case, the length of stay is an extraneous variable because it is not directly related to the research question or objective of the study. The study is likely focused on factors such as patient age, complications, or date of admission, making the length of stay an irrelevant variable in this context.
A patient receiving palliative care for end-stage dementia experiences agitation and restlessness. What intervention should the palliative nurse prioritize to address the patient's symptoms?
- A. Administer antipsychotic medications to manage agitation.
- B. Encourage the patient to engage in physical exercise to reduce restlessness.
- C. Create a calm and soothing environment to promote relaxation.
- D. Refer the patient to a psychiatrist for evaluation and medication management.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for a patient with end-stage dementia experiencing agitation and restlessness is to create a calm and soothing environment to promote relaxation. Patients with dementia often respond positively to a familiar and tranquil setting, which can help reduce their symptoms of agitation and restlessness. This approach is preferred over administering antipsychotic medications or recommending physical exercise, as these may not be feasible or beneficial for patients in the advanced stages of dementia. Referring the patient to a psychiatrist may not address the immediate need for symptom management and can be considered if other interventions are ineffective. Creating a calm environment, such as dim lighting, soft music, and familiar objects, can help provide comfort and reduce distress for the patient.
Which is a common verbalization of the patient with GBS regarding the EARLY ONSET of symptoms?
- A. Acute hemiplegia
- B. Ascending motor weakness
- C. Weakness of the four lower extremities
- D. Acute hemiparesis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is characterized by ascending motor weakness, starting typically in the lower extremities and progressing upwards. Patients with GBS often verbalize the early onset of symptoms as weakness starting in the legs and potentially spreading to involve the arms and sometimes the face. Therefore, the common verbalization of the patient with GBS regarding the early onset of symptoms is ascending motor weakness. Acute hemiplegia (choice A) and acute hemiparesis (choice D) involve weakness or paralysis typically limited to one side of the body, which is not a characteristic presentation of GBS. Weakness of the four lower extremities (choice C) is also not a typical description in GBS as the weakness usually starts distally and progresses proximally.
Which of the following dental conditions is characterized by a localized collection of pus resulting from a bacterial infection of the tooth pulp?
- A. Dental caries
- B. Periodontitis
- C. Dental abscess
- D. Oral candidiasis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A dental abscess is characterized by a localized collection of pus that results from a bacterial infection of the tooth pulp, leading to swelling, pain, and inflammation. The infection typically occurs when bacteria enter the tooth through a cavity, crack, or other dental injury. The abscess can cause significant pain and discomfort and must be treated promptly by a dentist to prevent further complications. Dental caries refer to tooth decay or cavities that result from the breakdown of tooth structure by acids produced by bacteria. Periodontitis is a severe gum infection that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone that supports the teeth. Oral candidiasis is a fungal infection that affects the mouth and throat.