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As part of primary cancer prevention program, an oncology nurse answers questions from the public at health fair. When someone asks about the laryngeal cancer, the nurse should explain that:
- A. Laryngeal cancer is one of the most preventable types of cancer
- B. Inhaling polluted air isn’t a risk factor for laryngeal cancer
- C. Laryngeal cancer occurs primarily in women
- D. Adenocarcinoma accounts for most cases of laryngeal cancer
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why choice A is correct:
1. Laryngeal cancer is strongly linked to smoking and alcohol consumption.
2. Both smoking and alcohol use are modifiable risk factors, meaning they can be prevented.
3. By avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol intake, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing laryngeal cancer.
4. Therefore, laryngeal cancer is considered one of the most preventable types of cancer.
Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B. Inhaling polluted air can be a risk factor for laryngeal cancer, so this statement is inaccurate.
C. Laryngeal cancer occurs more frequently in men than women, so this statement is incorrect.
D. Squamous cell carcinoma, not adenocarcinoma, is the most common type of laryngeal cancer, making this statement incorrect.
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After a transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy, a client is likely to undergo hormone replacement therapy. A transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy is performed to treat which type of cancer?
- A. Esophageal carcinoma
- B. Laryngeal carcinoma
- C. Pituitary carcinoma
- D. Colorectal carcinoma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After a transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomy, hormone replacement therapy is needed due to the removal of the pituitary gland. This surgery is typically done to treat pituitary carcinoma, making choice C the correct answer. Pituitary carcinoma is a type of cancer that affects the pituitary gland. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not involve the pituitary gland. Esophageal carcinoma affects the esophagus, laryngeal carcinoma affects the larynx, and colorectal carcinoma affects the colon and rectum. Therefore, the correct choice, C, is the only one related to the pituitary gland and the procedure described.
The nurse is attempting to prompt the patient to elaborate on the reports of daytime fatigue. Which question should the nurse ask?
- A. “Is there anything that you are stressed about right now that I should know?”
- B. “What reasons do you think are contributing to your fatigue?”
- C. “What are your normal work hours?”
- D. “Are you sleeping 8 hours a night?”
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, "What reasons do you think are contributing to your fatigue?" This question encourages the patient to explore and express their own thoughts and feelings, leading to a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of the underlying causes of their daytime fatigue.
A: "Is there anything that you are stressed about right now that I should know?" - This question is more direct and may not necessarily prompt the patient to delve into the specific reasons for their fatigue.
C: "What are your normal work hours?" - While relevant, this question focuses solely on work hours and may not uncover other potential factors contributing to the fatigue.
D: "Are you sleeping 8 hours a night?" - While sleep is important, this question is too narrow and may not address other possible reasons for the fatigue.
Mr. RR is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of brain tumor. Mr. RR’s doctor is very much concerned about the possibility of increased intracranial pressure. The following is the most reliable index of cerebral state:
- A. Level of consciousness
- B. Unilateral papillary dilatation
- C. Increased systolic BP
- D. Decreased pulse pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Level of consciousness is the most reliable index of cerebral state because it directly reflects the functioning of the brain. Changes in consciousness can indicate alterations in cerebral perfusion and potential increases in intracranial pressure.
Step 2: Unilateral papillary dilatation may suggest an increase in intracranial pressure, but it is not as reliable as level of consciousness in assessing overall cerebral state.
Step 3: Increased systolic blood pressure can occur due to various reasons and may not specifically indicate changes in intracranial pressure.
Step 4: Decreased pulse pressure may be related to factors such as hypovolemia or cardiac conditions, but it is not a direct indicator of cerebral state or intracranial pressure.
A newly admitted patient who is morbidly obese asks the nurse for assistance to the bathroom for the first time. Which action should the nurse take initially?
- A. Ask for at least two other assistive personnel to come to the room.
- B. Medicate the patient to alleviate discomfort while ambulating.
- C. Review the patient’s activity orders.
- D. Offer the patient a walker.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why answer A is correct:
1. Safety: Morbidly obese patients are at higher risk of falls during transfers.
2. Assistance: Having two other personnel ensures safe transfer.
3. Weight distribution: Distributing the patient's weight among multiple helpers reduces strain.
4. Proper body mechanics: Allows for proper positioning and technique while assisting.
Summary of why other choices are incorrect:
B. Medication doesn't address the safety concern of transferring a morbidly obese patient.
C. Reviewing activity orders is not the immediate action needed for the patient's first bathroom transfer.
D. Offering a walker may not provide sufficient support for a morbidly obese patient during the transfer.
The NAP states that was busy and had not had a chance to tell the nurse yet. The patient begins to complain of feeling dizzy and light-headed. The blood pressure is rechecked and it has dropped even lower. In which phase of the nursing process did the nurse first make an error? NursingStoreRN
- A. Assessment
- B. Diagnosis
- C. Implementation
- D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Assessment. In this scenario, the nurse failed to complete a thorough assessment by not informing the nurse about the patient's condition. Assessment is the first step in the nursing process where data is collected and analyzed to identify the patient's problems. By not communicating the patient's symptoms to the nurse, the nurse missed crucial information that could have led to timely intervention.
Explanation of other choices:
B: Diagnosis - The nurse did not have the opportunity to make a diagnosis because the assessment phase was incomplete.
C: Implementation - The nurse did not reach the implementation phase yet as the assessment phase was not properly conducted.
D: Evaluation - The nurse cannot evaluate the effectiveness of interventions as the assessment and subsequent phases were not properly carried out.