Nokea
As the charge nurse in a long-term-care (LTC) facility that has RN, LPN/LVN, and nursing assistant staff members, you have developed a plan for ongoing assessment of all residents with a diagnosis of heart failure. Which of these activities included in the plan is most appropriate to delegate to an LPN/LVN team leader?
- A. Weigh all residents with heart failure each morning.
- B. Listen to lung sounds and check for edema weekly.
- C. Review all heart failure medications with residents every month.
- D. Update activity plans for residents with heart failure every quarter.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weighing residents is a routine task suitable for delegation to an LPN/LVN.
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Which test measures how much and how quickly you can move air out of your lungs?
- A. Spirometry
- B. Peak flow meter
- C. Lung volume test
- D. Arterial blood gas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spirometry is the correct answer because it measures the volume of air exhaled in a specific time frame, assessing lung function and capacity. It is commonly used to diagnose conditions like asthma and COPD. Peak flow meter measures only the maximum speed of exhalation, not volume. Lung volume test measures the total lung capacity, not the speed of air movement. Arterial blood gas measures oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood, not lung function.
What is the narrowing of the arteries due to the buildup of plaque, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes?
- A. Coronary artery disease
- B. Peripheral artery disease
- C. Aortic stenosis
- D. Mitral valve prolapse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery disease. This condition involves the narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the heart due to plaque buildup. Plaque can lead to blockages, causing heart attacks and strokes. Peripheral artery disease (B) affects arteries outside the heart. Aortic stenosis (C) is the narrowing of the aortic valve, not arteries. Mitral valve prolapse (D) is a condition affecting the mitral valve, not arteries. Therefore, A is the correct answer.
When reviewing a patient's four-week diet history, the cardiac-vascular nurse identifies a pattern of high-calorie intake on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday nights. The patient states that their spouse recently started taking a night class on those evenings at a local university. The patient's diet history indicates:
- A. a disabling family coping behavior.
- B. a lack of dietary instruction.
- C. a need for cooking classes.
- D. an individual coping behavior.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The eating pattern appears to be an individual coping behavior related to the spouse's absence.
Mr. Ross experiences nausea and vomiting as the result of receiving large-volume irradiation to his thoracic region. Which is the best approach in planning to meet his nutritional needs?
- A. Plan for frequent small meals of palatable foods
- B. Offer Mr. Ross three balanced meals a day
- C. Determine Mr. Ross' caloric needs
- D. Ask the physician to prescribe an oral antiemetic for p.r.n. use
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frequent small meals can help manage nausea and improve intake compared to large meals.
What is the patient with primary hypertension likely to report?
- A. No symptoms
- B. Cardiac palpitations
- C. Dyspnea on exertion
- D. Dizziness and vertigo
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary hypertension often lacks overt symptoms.